Simulation and optimization of green transportation of dam materials considering carbon emission and traffic congestion

The construction of rockfill dams involves large-scale transportation of dam materials. The transportation of fuel-powered dump trucks emits a large amount of carbon dioxide， and the queuing congestion caused by the dense fleet of trucks is an important factor affecting the construction progress. However， the current traffic simulation model for rockfill dams cannot quantify carbon emission based on mechanical characteristics， and it lacks consideration of the impact of road scale （curvature， slope， width， etc.） on the traffic congestion， making it difficult to provide effective decision-making optimization suggestions for green construction management. To address the above issues， the CYCLONE queuing model and the micro-traffic motion model are coupled to establish a simulation model for green transportation of dam materials considering carbon emission and traffic congestion， quantifying the transportation progress， cost， road saturation， and emission indexes under different road layouts and machinery configurations. Furthermore， the multi-attribute decision-making method with the collaboration of multiple stakeholders is proposed to comprehensively consider the interests of the government， construction， and residents. This resolves the conflicts of views among various stakeholders during the scheme selection process， and provides decision-making guidance for optimizing the construction scheme of the rockfill dam under the goal of green development. Case analysis shows that compared with the current simulation models， the method proposed in this study can quantify carbon emission and traffic congestion indexes. The relative errors of the average monthly transportation intensity， the maximum monthly transportation intensity， and the construction period with respect to the actual values are reduced by 15.1%， 9.5%， and 12.7%， respectively. The ranking of each construction plan is obtained through the multi-attribute decision-making method with multi-stakeholder collaboration， providing effective decision-making optimization suggestions for green construction management.