Sampling sites in the kitchens with a dishwasher (A) and the kitchens without a dishwasher (B).

(S) Representative kitchen sink indicating sampling sites of 1 L tap water (filtered through 0.45-μm cellulose membrane filter and incubated on DRBC agar) (1), pipe grid on tap (2), kitchen counter above dishwasher/ near sink (3), and inside kitchen sink (4). Inset (5): Rubber seal from under kitchen sink. (A, B) Representative primary isolation plates cultured from kitchen samples, numbered according to sample site. (A1) A. melanogenum, E. alcalophila, R. similis and C. parapsilosis. (B1) Trichosporon montevideense, R. mucilaginosa, C. parapsilosis and E. phaeomuriformis genotype 1. (A2) E. phaeomuriformis genotype 1 and C. parapsilosis. (B2) E. phaeomuriformis genotype 1. (A3) A. melanogenum, E. phaeomurifomis genotype 2 and R. mucilaginosa. (B3) C. parapsilosis, M. guilliermondii, C. pararugosa and P. kluyveri. (A4) O. constricta, Cysosporidium slooffiae and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. (B4) M. guilliermondii, C. pararugosa and S. cerevisiae. (A5) C. pararugosa, C. parapsilosis, E. dermatitidis genotype A and FOSC. (B5) M. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis K. europaea, R. mucilaginosa, E. phaeomuriformis genotype 1 and A. melanogenum.