Verification of the reaction to fire of water-based and oil-based enamel paints used as finish of walls in residential buildings

ABSTRACT Among that materials whose behavior facing fire has not yet been understood thoroughly lie paints used as finish of interior and exterior walls of buildings. This study aimed to analyses the reaction to fire of enamel paints exposed to elevated temperatures, so two paints were tested: one water-based and one oil-based, both applied over a white undercoat designed specifically for this purpose, simulating the real conditions of application. The paints were evaluated regarding their ignitability per ISO 11925-2:2010 and isolated combustion, by EN 13823:2010. Moreover, the enamels were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis with mass spectrometry to assess variations of mass during the temperature increase process. Lastly, a calorific value test was performed with the intent of comparing the values with those from the EN 13823:2010 test. It was noted that the paints evaluated, no matter their chemical composition, do not bolster the development of flames as they reduced smoke release by up to 6.7% and heat release by up to 60.4%, not hindering user safety in room under fire situation. Even more, the paints turned out to be protectors of the substrate摘要：当前，建筑内外墙饰面涂料的火灾响应机制尚未被完全探明。本研究旨在探究高温环境下瓷漆（enamel paints）的火灾响应特性，为此选取两款涂料开展测试：一款为水性瓷漆，另一款为油性瓷漆，均涂刷于专为本次实验定制的白色底漆之上，以模拟实际涂装应用场景。研究依据ISO 11925-2:2010标准对涂料的易燃性进行测试，并依据EN 13823:2010标准对其隔离燃烧性能开展评估。此外，本研究采用热重质谱联用分析，对升温过程中瓷漆的质量变化进行表征。最后，本研究开展了热值测试，旨在将测试结果与EN 13823:2010标准测试所得数据进行对比分析。研究结果显示，无论化学组成如何，本次测试的两款瓷漆均不会助长火焰蔓延：其发烟量最高可降低6.7%，释热量最高可降低60.4%，不会在火灾场景下威胁室内人员的安全。更值得注意的是，实验证实此类涂料可对基底材料起到有效防护作用。