Country Matrixes for QCA Analysis

Assessment of key enabling factors for smallholder commercial tree growing in Indoensia (Java and Kalimantan & Sumatra), Tanzania, Uganda and Vietnam between 1990-2015. Factors cover remote conditions (Land and forest tenure TEN; Wood demand and supply balance (demographic factors, industry and trade) DEMSUP; Land use pressures and competition with agriculture AGR; Macroeconomic environment (GDP/GNI per capita, economic growth and stability); and political stability MACRO) and proximate conditions (Wood markets and pricing MAR; Capacity and knowledge in tree growing KNOW; Direct incentives (goods and materials; grants; tax reliefs, concessions; differential fees etc. DIRINC ; and Indirect incentives (advisory services and trainings, stronger tenure rights on land etc. INDIRINC). The data has been collected through a desk review and it analyzed extensive amount of relevant previous research and existing documentation from all case-study countries to answer the questions related to factors and their indicators in the data matrix. Studies and documents were searched by country with Google Scholar, Web of Science and Google for each enabling factor with specific key words. Document relevance was assessed based on the abstracts or summaries of the documents, and presumptive reliability of the source as not all the documents were from peer reviewed journals. The data for Laos and Tanzania was completed with field research findings. Data collection for Vietnam was mainly carried out by research partners from CIFOR. All country matrixes were reviewed by highly recognized partners with in-depth knowledge of the country and the sector to increase the level of objectivity in the data interpretation. Analysis of the Indonesia data showed significant regional differences in the enabling factors between Java and Kalimantan and Sumatra. Each factor consists of several indicators ranked as POS if they can be considered being supportive for smallholder tree growing and NEG if they have a negative impact. Once a pre-set number of indicators are positive the factor can also be considered POSITIVE, i.e. supportive for smallholder commercial tree growing.1990-2015年间，针对印度尼西亚（爪哇岛、加里曼丹与苏门答腊岛）、坦桑尼亚、乌干达及越南的小农商业林木种植关键赋能因素开展评估。本次评估涵盖两类条件：远端条件，包括土地与林地权属（Land and forest tenure, TEN）、木材供需平衡（Wood demand and supply balance, DEMSUP，包含人口因素、产业与贸易维度）、土地利用压力与农业争地（Land use pressures and competition with agriculture, AGR）、宏观经济环境（Macroeconomic environment，包含人均GDP/人均国民总收入、经济增长与稳定性）以及政治稳定性（political stability, MACRO）；近因条件，包括木材市场与定价（Wood markets and pricing, MAR）、林木种植能力与知识储备（Capacity and knowledge in tree growing, KNOW）、直接激励措施（Direct incentives，包含物资、拨款、税收减免、特许经营权、差异化收费等，DIRINC）与间接激励措施（Indirect incentives，包含咨询服务与培训、强化土地权属等，INDIRINC）。本数据集通过案头调研法收集，研究人员对所有案例研究国家的大量既往相关研究与现有文献进行分析，以解答数据矩阵中与各类赋能因素及其指标相关的问题。研究人员针对每个赋能因素，通过谷歌学术（Google Scholar）、科学网（Web of Science）及谷歌搜索引擎按国家分别检索相关文献与研究成果。文献相关性通过文档摘要或概要进行评估，同时考量来源的推定可靠性——因并非所有文献均来自同行评议期刊。老挝与坦桑尼亚的数据集通过实地调研结果补充完善。越南的数据集收集工作主要由国际林业研究中心（Center for International Forestry Research, CIFOR）的合作研究机构完成。所有国家层面的数据矩阵均由具备该国及该领域深厚专业知识的权威合作方审核，以提升数据解读的客观性水平。对印度尼西亚数据集的分析显示，爪哇岛与加里曼丹、苏门答腊岛之间的赋能因素存在显著区域差异。每项赋能因素包含多项指标，若指标可判定为对小农商业林木种植具有支持作用，则标记为POS（正向）；若产生负面影响，则标记为NEG（负向）。当预设数量的指标为正向时，该赋能因素同样可被判定为正向（POSITIVE），即对小农商业林木种植具有支持作用。