(Table 12-4, page 360) Percentage loss of water from manganese nodules (on a wet basis) at different temperatures

This chapter discusses the formation and distribution of some metals in ocean-floor manganese nodules in the light of the observed data in the literature and thermodynamic and kinetic considerations of the oxidation of metal ions in the oceanic environment. There are, in general, two major schools of thought on the mechanism of incorporation of the minor elements such as nickel, copper, and cobalt with the major elements such as manganese and iron. One is the lattice substitution mechanism and the other the adsorption mechanism. If the mechanism is lattice substitution, extraction of the metal ions is not possible unless the lattice of the major elements is first broken and exchanged with other ions from the bulk solution. Consequently, the leaching behavior of minor elements should display a very close relationship with that of major elements.本章基于文献中的观测数据，以及海洋环境中金属离子氧化过程的热力学与动力学考量，探讨了洋底锰结核中部分金属的赋存状态与分布规律。针对镍、铜、钴等微量元素与锰、铁等常量元素的结合机制，学界目前主要存在两大主流观点：其一为晶格取代机制，其二为吸附机制。若为晶格取代机制，则无法直接提取金属离子，除非先破坏常量元素的晶格结构，并使其与体相溶液中的其他离子发生离子交换。因此，微量元素的浸出行为应与常量元素的浸出行为呈现极强的相关性。