Data from: Phylogeny of Anophelinae using mitochondrial protein coding genes

Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is a great burden on the poorest and most marginalized communities of the tropical and subtropical world. About 41 species of Anopheline mosquitoes can effectively spread species of Plasmodium parasites that cause human malaria. Proposing a natural classification for the subfamily Anophelinae has been a continuous effort, addressed using both morphology and DNA sequence data. Monophyly of the genus Anopheles, and phylogenetic placement of the genus Bironella, subgenera Kerteszia, Lophopodomyia, and Stethomyia within the subfamily Anophelinae, remain in question. To understand the classification of Anophelinae we inferred the phylogeny of all three genera (Anopheles, Bironella, Chagasia) and major subgenera by analyzing the amino acid sequences of the 13 protein coding genes of 150 newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes of Anophelinae and 18 newly sequenced Culex species as outgroup taxa, supplemented with 23 mitogenomes from GenBank. Our analyses generally place genus Bironella within the genus Anopheles, which implies that the latter as it is currently defined is not monophyletic. With some inconsistencies, Bironella was placed within the major clade that includes Anopheles, Cellia, Kerteszia, Lophopodomyia, Nyssorhynchus, and Stethomyia, which were found to be monophyletic groups within Anophelinae. Our findings provided robust evidence for elevating the monophyletic groupings Kerteszia, Lophopodomyia, Nyssorhynchus, and Stethomyia to genus level; genus Anopheles to include subgenera Anopheles, Baimaia, Cellia and Christya; Anopheles parvus to be placed into a new genus; Nyssorhynchus to be elevated to genus level; the genus Nyssorhynchus to include subgenera Myzorhynchella and Nyssorhynchus; Anopheles atacamensis and Anopheles pictipennis to be transferred from subgenus Nyssorhynchus to subgenus Myzorhynchella; and subgenus Nyssorhynchus to encompass the remaining species of Argyritarsis and Albimanus Sections.疟疾是一种虫媒传染病，给全球热带、亚热带地区最贫困且最边缘的社群带来了沉重的疾病负担。目前已知约有41种按蚊（Anopheles）可有效传播引发人类疟疾的疟原虫（Plasmodium）物种。为按蚊亚科（Anophelinae）构建自然分类体系一直是学界持续探索的方向，相关研究同时结合形态学与DNA序列数据开展。按蚊属（Anopheles）的单系性，以及比哈蚊属（Bironella）、凯氏按蚊亚属（Kerteszia）、冠按蚊亚属（Lophopodomyia）与胸按蚊亚属（Stethomyia）在按蚊亚科中的系统发育定位，迄今仍存在争议。为厘清按蚊亚科的分类问题，本研究针对按蚊亚科全部3个属（按蚊属、比哈蚊属、查加斯蚊属（Chagasia））及主要亚属开展系统发育推断：我们分析了150条新测序的按蚊亚科线粒体基因组（mitogenome）、18条新测序的库蚊（Culex）外群类群（outgroup taxa）线粒体基因组所编码的13个蛋白编码基因的氨基酸序列，并辅以基因银行（GenBank）中已收录的23条线粒体基因组数据。分析结果总体显示比哈蚊属隶属于按蚊属，这意味着当前定义的按蚊属并非单系类群。尽管存在部分不一致之处，比哈蚊属仍被归入包含按蚊属、塞蚊亚属（Cellia）、凯氏按蚊亚属、冠按蚊亚属、纽按蚊亚属（Nyssorhynchus）与胸按蚊亚属的主要进化支（clade）中，上述类群均被证实为按蚊亚科内的单系群。本研究结果为以下多项分类调整提供了强有力的证据：将凯氏按蚊亚属、冠按蚊亚属、纽按蚊亚属与胸按蚊亚属提升为属级分类单元；将按蚊亚属（Anopheles）、拜马按蚊亚属（Baimaia）、塞蚊亚属与克里斯蒂亚亚属（Christya）并入按蚊属；将小按蚊（Anopheles parvus）归入新设立的属；将纽按蚊亚属提升为属级分类单元，且该属包含迷走按蚊亚属（Myzorhynchella）与纽按蚊亚属；将阿塔卡马按蚊（Anopheles atacamensis）与翅斑按蚊（Anopheles pictipennis）从纽按蚊亚属转入迷走按蚊亚属；并将剩余的银跗按蚊组（Argyritarsis Sections）与白曼按蚊组（Albimanus Sections）物种归入纽按蚊亚属。