Data from: Environmental dependency of amphibian-ranavirus genotypic interactions: evolutionary perspectives on infectious diseases

The context-dependent investigations of host–pathogen genotypic interactions, where environmental factors are explicitly incorporated, allow the assessment of both coevolutionary history and contemporary ecological influences. Such a functional explanatory framework is particularly valuable for describing mortality trends and identifying drivers of disease risk more accurately. Using two common North American frog species (Lithobates pipiens and Lithobates sylvaticus) and three strains of frog virus 3 (FV3) at different temperatures, we conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the influence of host species/genotype, ranavirus strains, temperature, and their interactions, in determining mortality and infection patterns. Our results revealed variability in host susceptibility and strain infectivity along with significant host–strain interactions, indicating that the outcome of an infection is dependent on the specific combination of host and virus genotypes. Moreover, we observed a strong influence of temperature on infection and mortality probabilities, revealing the potential for genotype–genotype–environment interactions to be responsible for unexpected mortality in this system. Our study thus suggests that amphibian hosts and ranavirus strains genetic characteristics should be considered in order to understand infection outcomes and that the investigation of coevolutionary mechanisms within a context-dependent framework provides a tool for the comprehensive understanding of disease dynamics.纳入明确环境因子的宿主-病原体基因型互作情境依赖性研究，可同时解析协同进化历史与当代生态影响。此类功能性解释框架对于精准刻画死亡率动态、识别疾病风险驱动因子具有重要应用价值。本研究以北美两种常见蛙类——美洲豹蛙（Lithobates pipiens）与林蛙（Lithobates sylvaticus），以及蛙病毒3型（Frog Virus 3, FV3）的3个毒株为研究对象，在不同温度条件下开展实验室实验，探究宿主物种/基因型、蛙虹彩病毒（ranavirus）毒株、温度及其互作对宿主死亡率与感染模式的影响。研究结果显示，宿主易感性、毒株感染性存在显著差异，且宿主-毒株互作效应显著，表明感染结局取决于宿主与病毒基因型的特定组合。此外，本研究发现温度对感染概率与死亡概率具有强烈影响，提示基因型-基因型-环境的三重互作可能是该研究体系中出现非预期死亡事件的原因。因此本研究表明，解析两栖类宿主与蛙虹彩病毒毒株的遗传特征，是理解感染结局的必要前提；同时，在情境依赖性框架下开展协同进化机制研究，可为全面解析疾病动态提供有效的研究手段。