GEMS-GLORI world river discharge database

The GEMS-GLORI register, circulated by UNEP for review in 1996, lists 555 world major rivers discharging to oceans (Q > 10 km**3/year, or A > 10 000 km**2, or sediment discharge > 5Mt/year, or basin population >5M people). Up to 48 river attributes are listed, including major ions and nutrients (C, N, P) in both dissolved, particulate, organic and inorganic forms. For many rivers, two or three sets of data are provided with relevant periods of records and references. Although half of the selected rivers are not yet documented for water quality, most of the first 40 rivers are well described (Irrawady, Zambezi, Ogooue, Magdalena, are noted exceptions). Altogether about 10 000 individual data from 500 references are listed. The global coverage in terms of river discharge and/or drainage area ranges from 40 to 67% for most major water quality attributes but drops to 25% for some organic and/or particulate forms of N and P. Planned development of the register includes collection of information on particulate chemistry and data on endorheic rivers and selected tributaries.

GEMS-GLORI名录库由联合国环境规划署（UNEP）于1996年印发并征求评审，共收录555条全球主要入海河流，入选标准为：径流量Q＞10 km³/年、流域面积A＞10000 km²、输沙量＞5 Mt/年，或流域人口＞500万人。该名录库最多收录48项河流属性指标，涵盖溶解态、颗粒态、有机及无机形态下的主要离子与营养盐（碳C、氮N、磷P）。针对多数河流，数据集提供了2至3组对应观测时段的实测数据及相关参考文献。尽管入选名录的河流中有半数尚未有水质相关记录，但前40条河流中的绝大多数均有详实描述（伊洛瓦底江、赞比西河、奥果韦河、马格达莱纳河为已知例外）。整体而言，该名录库共收录来自500篇参考文献的约10000条独立实测数据。就河流径流量与/或流域面积而言，多数核心水质属性指标的全球覆盖度介于40%至67%之间，但针对部分有机态及/或颗粒态的氮、磷指标，其覆盖度降至25%。该名录库的后续规划开发内容包括：补充收集颗粒态化学相关数据，以及内流河（endorheic river）与选定支流的相关数据。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是一个全球主要河流排放的综合性数据库，包含555条河流的多项水质参数和地理信息，数据来源于500多篇参考文献，覆盖了全球40%至67%的主要水质参数。数据集还提供了河流的流域面积、年径流量、悬浮物、溶解物、主要离子和营养盐等详细信息。