Sample characteristics of women, 15–49 years (n = 148 097).

Datasource: Indian MDS 2001–2003 and DLHS-2.aMaternal deaths (cases).bSurviving pregnant or postpartum women (controls).cHealth-facility admission (cases) Health-facility admission to community health centre or district hospital (controls).dLow-income states Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.eDLHS-2 Standard of living index [29].fProportion of deliveries with a skilled birth attendant, at home or in a health-facility.gProportion of women who receive 3 antenatal visits in their pregnancy.