International Environmental Adjudication and Compensation Patterns: ICJ, ITLOS, PCA, UNCC and Related Tribunals (1929–2025)

This dataset compiles 55 international environmental adjudications decided between 1929 and 2025, covering proceedings before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS), Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), UN Compensation Commission (UNCC), the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission (EECC), and ad hoc bilateral arbitral tribunals. Each record documents whether monetary compensation was awarded, partially awarded, denied, or substituted by declaratory or equitable relief, making this the first cross-tribunal empirical dataset systematically tracking environmental compensation patterns across the full architecture of international adjudication. The dataset addresses a documented gap in international environmental law scholarship: despite the proliferation of environmental disputes before international courts and tribunals, monetary compensation for environmental harm remains exceptional rather than routine. The ICJ formally awarded environmental compensation in only one case, Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), Compensation Judgment, 2 February 2018, the first instance of ecosystem services being valued and compensated at the international judicial level. This dataset situates that landmark judgment within a broader trajectory spanning nearly a century of adjudication. Each of the 55 records contains 18 fields: case name, tribunal type, claimant, respondent, year filed, year decided, environmental issue category, treaty or legal basis, grounds for liability, compensation claimed (USD), compensation awarded (USD), ratio of awarded to claimed (auto-calculated), compensation outcome, valuation method, key causality reasoning, precedent value, and primary source citation. All monetary values are denominated in USD at the time of judgment. No inflation adjustment is applied. The dataset is particularly suited for research on the adjudication gap in environmental reparation, ecosystem services valuation methodology, the regulatory chill effect of investment arbitration on climate and environmental policy, and the doctrinal trajectory of state responsibility for transboundary environmental harm. The UNCC F4 environmental claims programme, which awarded over USD 5.26 billion for Gulf War environmental damage, is comprehensively represented alongside investor-state cases including Vattenfall v. Germany and Burlington Resources v. Ecuador. All cases are sourced exclusively from official tribunal publications. No commercial database summaries have been reproduced. The analytical fields represent original derived analysis by the author and are licensed under CC-BY 4.0.本数据集汇编了1929年至2025年间作出的55起国际环境裁判案件，涵盖提交至国际法院（International Court of Justice, ICJ）、国际海洋法法庭（International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, ITLOS）、常设仲裁法院（Permanent Court of Arbitration, PCA）、解决投资争端国际中心（International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, ICSID）、联合国赔偿委员会（UN Compensation Commission, UNCC）、厄立特里亚-埃塞俄比亚索赔委员会（Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission, EECC）以及双边特设仲裁庭的诉讼程序。每份记录均载明是否作出金钱赔偿、部分赔偿、不予赔偿，或采用宣告式救济或衡平救济替代金钱赔偿，本数据集亦是首个跨仲裁庭的实证数据集，系统追踪了覆盖国际裁判全体系的环境赔偿模式。 本数据集填补了国际环境法学研究中已被证实的研究空白：尽管国际法院与仲裁庭受理的环境纠纷日益增多，但针对环境损害的金钱赔偿仍属例外情形，而非常规处理方式。国际法院仅在1起案件中正式作出环境损害金钱赔偿判决，即尼加拉瓜在边境地区开展的某些活动（哥斯达黎加诉尼加拉瓜）赔偿判决（2018年2月2日），这是国际司法层面首次对生态系统服务进行估值并予以赔偿的标志性案例。本数据集将该判决置于近一个世纪国际裁判的整体发展脉络中进行考察。 55份记录均包含18个字段：案件名称、仲裁庭类型、申请人、被申请人、起诉年份、裁判作出年份、环境问题类别、条约或法律依据、责任认定依据、索赔金额（美元）、裁决赔偿金额（美元）、赔偿金额与索赔金额的比率（自动计算）、赔偿结果、估值方法、关键因果关系论证、先例价值以及原始来源引用。所有货币价值均以裁判作出当日的美元计价，未进行通货膨胀调整。 本数据集尤其适用于以下方向的研究：环境赔偿裁判缺口、生态系统服务估值方法、投资仲裁对气候与环境政策的监管寒蝉效应，以及跨界环境损害国家责任的教义学发展脉络。其中，联合国赔偿委员会F4环境索赔项目（为海湾战争环境损害裁定超过52.6亿美元赔偿）的相关案件均被全面收录，同时包含投资者-东道国争端案件，如沃塔福诉德国（Vattenfall v. Germany）与伯灵顿资源公司诉厄瓜多尔（Burlington Resources v. Ecuador）。 所有案件均仅来源于仲裁庭的官方出版物，未复刻任何商业数据库的摘要内容。本数据集的分析字段均为作者原创的衍生分析，采用CC-BY 4.0许可协议进行授权。