Transcriptomic and Proteomic Sequencing of of Human Hepatic Organoids

We developed hepatic organoids (HOs) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) through a de novo induction protocol, mimicking the stages of fetal liver development: ESCs to definitive endoderm (DE), then to foregut (FG), hepatoblasts (HB), and finally to HOs stage 1 (HO1), culminating in self-organizing HOs stage 2 (HO2) via dissociation and re-inoculation. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing and analysis were conducted on FG, HB, HO1, and HO2.