Normative Value of Timed Up and Go test in Healthy Adults with Flatfoot: An observational study

ABSTRACT Background: In flatfoot, medial longitudinal arch is relaxed or descend downwards or it could be completely lost leading to functional and structural deformity so the arch is not able to absorb impacted forces and reduce the sense of balance which in turn leads to decreased functional stability while walking and running. Purpose:Previous literature shows that dynamic balance is affected in individuals with flat foot and TUG is widely used in clinical practice to assess dynamic balance and functional mobility.The normal values of TUGhave been known in geriatric and paediatric population .In adults, the normative value of TUG is known for individuals with normal foot arch, as best of our knowledge data is missing for subjects with flat foot in healthy adult population, therefore the present study was conducted. Material and Methods:Total sixty participants of age group 18 to 25 years with flatfoot were recruited on the basis of inclusion criteria that includes navicular drop less than 9mm. Demographic data was taken and TUG was performed by standing up out of a chair, walking 3 m, turning around, walking back to the chair, and sitting down. Results:The result findings of the total 60 subjects were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation as the data follows normal distribution. The present study shows a normative range 6.07-11.53 seconds with mean and standard deviation of 8.23 ±1.15 in age group of 18 to 25 years among asymptomatic adults with flat foot. This study also finds the normative reference value for underweight, Normal and overweight and obese individuals. In underweight group, mean TUG value is 8.19±1.43 with range 6.64-11.53 seconds. In normal weight group, mean TUG value is 8.16±1.05 with range 6.07- 10.55 seconds and in obese and overweight group, mean TUG value is 8.42±1.25 with range of 6.58-10.50 seconds. Conclusion: This study results gave the normative reference value for the healthy adults with flatfoot in age group 18-25 years. The TUG may have utility for primary care providers as they assess and monitor dynamic balance in younger adults with flatfoot, especially according their BMI. Keywords:Flatfoot; Body Mass Index; Foot; Reference values.摘要 背景：扁平足（Flatfoot）患者的内侧纵弓出现松弛、下移，甚至完全消失，导致足弓无法有效吸收冲击力并维持平衡感知，进而使行走与跑步时的功能稳定性下降。 目的：既往研究表明，扁平足个体的动态平衡能力受损；计时起立行走试验（Timed Up and Go test，TUG）是临床中广泛用于评估动态平衡与功能移动能力的工具。目前老年与儿童群体的TUG正常参考值已明确，足弓正常的成年人群TUG参考值也已有报道，但据我们所知，健康成年扁平足人群的TUG参考数据仍存在缺失，因此本研究就此展开。 材料与方法：本研究根据纳入标准（舟骨下降值小于9mm），共招募60名18~25岁的扁平足受试者。收集受试者的人口学资料，并完成TUG测试：受试者从座椅站起，行走3米后转身返回座椅并坐下。 结果：本研究共纳入60名受试者，因数据符合正态分布，结果以均值±标准差的形式呈现。针对18~25岁无症状扁平足成年人群，本研究得出TUG的正常参考范围为6.07~11.53秒，均值为8.23±1.15秒。此外，本研究还针对不同体重分层人群给出了TUG参考值：体重偏低组的TUG均值为8.19±1.43秒，参考范围6.64~11.53秒；体重正常组均值为8.16±1.05秒，参考范围6.07~10.55秒；超重与肥胖组均值为8.42±1.25秒，参考范围6.58~10.50秒。 结论：本研究明确了18~25岁健康成年扁平足人群的TUG正常参考值。计时起立行走试验可用于基层医疗从业者评估、监测年轻扁平足成年人群的动态平衡能力，尤其可结合其身体质量指数（Body Mass Index，BMI）进行分层评估。 关键词：扁平足；身体质量指数；足部；参考值