EV miRNAs profiling of type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease

For EV isolation and miRNA study, a total of nine subjects, including five patients with T2DM and DKD (henceforth, the DKD group) and four healthy control individuals (henceforth, the control group), participated in the present study. DKD was defined as persistently elevated urine albumin excretion (more than 30 mg/g creatinine), persistently reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), or both, for more than three months. All study participants were asked to collect their first voided urine in the morning and then visit the clinical trial centre of the hospital, where blood samples were collected. Fifty millilitres of the urine sample and 1 mL of the plasma sample from each participant were aliquoted into tubes and stored at - 80 degree until further analysis.