Atmospheric CO2 Records from Sites in the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Air Sampling Network (1985 - 2007)

The Carbon Dioxide Research Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, has provided this data set, which includes long-term measurements of near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 10 locations spanning latitudes 82 degrees N to 90 degrees S. Most of the data are based on replicated (collected at the same time and place) flask samples taken at intervals of approximately one week to one month and subsequently subjected to infrared analysis. Periods of record begin in various years, ranging from 1957 (for the South Pole station) to 1985 (for Alert, Canada), and all flask data records except for Christmas Island and Baring Head, New Zealand extend through year 2001. Christmas Island data end with August, 2001 and Baring Head data end with October 2001. Weekly averages of continuous data from Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, are available back to March 1958. Similar weekly averages are also available for La Jolla, California, from November 1972 to October 1975, and for the South Pole from June 1960 to October 1963. At the South Pole, however, this weekly averaged data is usually based on only one day of continuous sampling, and only about 2 averages per month are given. Flask data from all stations include replicate measurements and flagged questionable data; thus, they differ from the usual presentations of CO2 data (e.g., Keeling and Whorf, 2004) which are monthly averaged values fitted to curves as discussed by Keeling et al. (1989). Questionable data are flagged with asterisks; the user is accordingly advised to use caution in including them in analysis or in interpreting them without reference to the flag codes that provide the rationale for data rejections. The data are available in 13 ASCII files: 10 files give the flask measurements corresponding to each of the 10 locations; 2 additional files, one for La Jolla and another for the South Pole, each give about three years of averages, derived from continuous samples, to represent the corresponding weekly averages; another file gives weekly averages of the continuous record since 1958 at Mauna Loa, Hawaii. These long-term records of atmospheric CO2 concentration complement the continuous records made by SIO, and also complement the long term flask records of the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. All these data are useful for characterizing seasonal and geographical variations in atmospheric CO2 over several years, and for assessing results of global carbon models. Flask data provide information about instantaneous departures from the hourly or multi-hourly averages derived from the continuous data, and at the same time serve as a quality check on those averages. Additionally, flask samples can be archived for future analyses as more refined measuring techniques become available. Temporal and geographical variations in the flask data are similar to those in the continuous data. Annual averages and amplitudes of the annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 concentration both decrease from high northern latitudes to high southern latitudes. Peak annual CO2 concentrations occur in spring, around May in mid latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and September or October in mid latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.美国加州大学圣迭戈分校斯克里普斯海洋研究所（Scripps Institution of Oceanography）二氧化碳研究组提供了本数据集，其涵盖了从北纬82度至南纬90度的10个站点的近地表大气二氧化碳浓度长期测量数据。 大部分数据基于每周至每月间隔采集的重复（同一时间、地点获取）烧瓶样本，后续经红外分析处理。 各站点的记录起始年份从1957年（南极站）至1985年（加拿大阿勒特站）不等；除圣诞岛与新西兰巴林角站点外，所有烧瓶数据记录均延续至2001年。其中圣诞岛数据截至2001年8月，巴林角数据截至2001年10月。 夏威夷冒纳罗亚天文台的连续数据周平均值可追溯至1958年3月。类似的周平均值数据还包括1972年11月至1975年10月的加利福尼亚拉霍亚站点数据，以及1960年6月至1963年10月的南极站点数据。但南极站点的该周平均数据通常仅基于单日连续采样，每月仅提供约2组平均值。 所有站点的烧瓶数据均包含重复测量值与标记为可疑的数据，因此与常规的二氧化碳数据呈现形式（例如基林与沃夫，2004）有所不同——后者为经基林等人（1989）所述方法拟合得到的月均数值。 可疑数据以星号标记，因此建议使用者在将此类数据纳入分析或解读时务必谨慎，需参考用于说明数据剔除依据的标记代码。 本数据集以13个ASCII文件提供：10个文件分别对应10个站点的烧瓶测量数据；2个额外文件分别对应拉霍亚与南极站点，各包含约3年由连续采样衍生的周平均值数据；另有1个文件包含夏威夷冒纳罗亚天文台自1958年以来的连续记录周平均值。 这些大气二氧化碳浓度长期记录，与斯克里普斯海洋研究所的连续观测记录、美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA）气候监测与诊断实验室的长期烧瓶记录形成互补。 所有此类数据均可用于表征数年间大气二氧化碳的季节与地理变化特征，以及评估全球碳模型的结果。 烧瓶数据可提供与连续观测得到的小时或多小时平均值之间的瞬时偏差信息，同时可作为这些平均值的质量校验手段。此外，烧瓶样本可被存档，以便未来随着测量技术的精进开展后续分析。 烧瓶数据的时间与地理变化特征与连续数据相似。 大气二氧化碳浓度的年平均值与年循环振幅均从北高纬度向南高纬度递减。年二氧化碳浓度峰值出现在春季：北半球中纬度地区约为5月，南半球中纬度地区则为9月或10月。