How lazy are pet cats really? Using machine learning and accelerometry to get a glimpse into the behaviour of privately owned cats in different households

Surprisingly little is known about how the home environment influences the behaviour of pet cats. This study aimed to determine how factors in the home environment (e.g., with or without outdoor access, urban vs. rural, presence of a child) and season influences the daily behaviour of cats. Using accelerometer data and a validated machine learning model, behaviours including active, eating, grooming, littering, lying, scratching, sitting, and standing were quantified for 28 pet cats. Generalized estimating equation models were used to determine the effects of different environmental conditions. Increasing cat age was negatively correlated with time spent active (P<0.05). Cats with outdoor access were less active in winter than in summer (P<0.05), but no differences were observed between seasons for indoor only cats. Cats living in rural areas spent more time eating than cats in urban areas (P<0.05). Cats living in single-cat households spent more time lying but less time sitting than cats living in multi-cat households (P<0.05). Cats in households with at least one child spent more time standing in winter (P<0.05), and more time lying but less time sitting in summer than cats in households with no children (P<0.05). This study clearly showed that the home environment has a major impact on cat behaviour.