Comparison of mitogenomes of three Petalocephala species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and their phylogenetic analysis

Ledrinae is an ancient group of leafhoppers with a unique appearance. Petalocephala is the largest Ledrinae genus that is difficult to identify except by dissecting the male genitals. To date, research on Ledrinae is relatively less compared with other leafhoppers. Therefore, to better understand this group, we sequenced and analyzed three complete Petalocephala mitochondrial genomes. We comparatively analyzed these general Petalocephala genomic features (including size, AT content, AT/GC skew, 13 protein-coding gene nucleotide compositions, etc.), and predicted 22 tRNA secondary structures. , The three datasets (PCG12: nucleotides of the first and second codon of 13 PCGs, PCG12rRNA: nucleotides of the first and second codon of 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs, and AA: amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs) were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within Ledrinae., , # Comparison of mitogenomes of three Petalocephala species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and their phylogenetic analysis

The sequences of the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within leafhoppers. The PCGs and rRNA genes were initially aligned using the MAFFT algorithm, respectively (Katoh et al., 2017; Abascal et al., 2010), and poorly aligned positions were then eliminated using Gblocks 9.1b with the default settings (Katoh et al., 2017; Talavera et al., 2007). Finally, MEGA 7.0 software was used to concatenate gene sequences and select their positions to form different datasets. The third codon positions might suffer from mutation saturation, potentially leading to noise in the phylogenetic analysis (Blouin et al., 1998; Breinholt & Kawahara, 2013). The three datasets (PCG12: nucleotides of the first and second codon of 13 PCGs, PCG12rRNA: nucleotides of the first and second codon of 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs, and AA: amino acid sequences o...