Comparison of mitogenomes of three Petalocephala species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and their phylogenetic analysis

Ledrinae is an ancient group of leafhoppers with a unique appearance. Petalocephala is the largest Ledrinae genus that is difficult to identify except by dissecting the male genitals. To date, research on Ledrinae is relatively less compared with other leafhoppers. Therefore, to better understand this group, we sequenced and analyzed three complete Petalocephala mitochondrial genomes. We comparatively analyzed these general Petalocephala genomic features (including size, AT content, AT/GC skew, 13 protein-coding gene nucleotide compositions, etc.), and predicted 22 tRNA secondary structures. , The three datasets (PCG12: nucleotides of the first and second codon of 13 PCGs, PCG12rRNA: nucleotides of the first and second codon of 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs, and AA: amino acid sequences of 13 PCGs) were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within Ledrinae., , # Comparison of mitogenomes of three Petalocephala species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and their phylogenetic analysis The sequences of the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs were used to analyze the phylogenetic relationships within leafhoppers. The PCGs and rRNA genes were initially aligned using the MAFFT algorithm, respectively (Katoh et al., 2017; Abascal et al., 2010), and poorly aligned positions were then eliminated using Gblocks 9.1b with the default settings (Katoh et al., 2017; Talavera et al., 2007). Finally, MEGA 7.0 software was used to concatenate gene sequences and select their positions to form different datasets. The third codon positions might suffer from mutation saturation, potentially leading to noise in the phylogenetic analysis (Blouin et al., 1998; Breinholt & Kawahara, 2013). The three datasets (PCG12: nucleotides of the first and second codon of 13 PCGs, PCG12rRNA: nucleotides of the first and second codon of 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs, and AA: amino acid sequences o...耳叶蝉亚科（Ledrinae）是一类形态独特的古老叶蝉类群。瓣头叶蝉属（Petalocephala）是耳叶蝉亚科中物种最为丰富的类群，仅通过解剖雄性外生殖器方可完成准确鉴定。相较于其他叶蝉类群，目前针对耳叶蝉亚科的研究仍较为匮乏。为此，为深入解析该类群的演化与分类特征，本研究对3个完整的瓣头叶蝉属线粒体基因组进行了测序与分析。我们对瓣头叶蝉属线粒体基因组的通用特征（包括基因组大小、AT含量、AT/GC偏移值、13个蛋白质编码基因（protein-coding gene, PCG）的核苷酸组成等）进行了比较分析，并预测了22个转运RNA（tRNA）的二级结构。 本研究采用三类数据集（PCG12：13个PCG的第一、二密码子位点核苷酸序列；PCG12rRNA：13个PCG的第一、二密码子位点核苷酸序列加上2个核糖体RNA（rRNA）序列；AA：13个PCG的氨基酸序列）对耳叶蝉亚科内部的系统发育关系进行分析。 # 三种瓣头叶蝉属物种（半翅目Hemiptera：叶蝉科Cicadellidae：耳叶蝉亚科Ledrinae）的线粒体基因组比较及其系统发育分析 我们还利用13个PCG与2个rRNA的序列开展了叶蝉类群内部的系统发育关系分析。首先分别采用MAFFT算法（Katoh等，2017；Abascal等，2010）对PCG与rRNA基因序列进行多重序列比对，随后使用Gblocks 9.1b软件并以默认参数去除比对质量不佳的位点（Katoh等，2017；Talavera等，2007）。最后，使用MEGA 7.0软件对基因序列进行拼接，并筛选不同位点组合以构建各类分析数据集。第三密码子位点易发生突变饱和，可能为系统发育分析引入干扰噪音（Blouin等，1998；Breinholt & Kawahara，2013）。本次构建的三类数据集（PCG12：13个PCG的第一、二密码子位点核苷酸序列；PCG12rRNA：13个PCG的第一、二密码子位点核苷酸序列加上2个rRNA序列；AA：13个PCG的氨基酸序列[原文未完整]）