Dataset for: “From Biological to Structural Controls: Explainable Machine Learning Reveals a Fundamental Shift in Soil Carbon Drivers Across Depth in Subtropical Plantations”

This dataset supports the findings of the manuscript entitled “From Biological to Structural Controls: Explainable Machine Learning Reveals a Fundamental Shift in Soil Carbon Drivers Across Depth in Subtropical Plantations,” submitted to the journal “Catena”. Study Overview: The study aimed to quantitatively uncover the depth-dependent drivers of soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass (MBC, MBN) in subtropical plantations using explainable machine learning (Random Forest and XGBoost coupled with SHAP analysis). Data was collected from 13-year-old monoculture and intercropping plantations of three species (Ligustrum lucidum, Osmanthus fragrans, and Cinnamomum camphora) in the Shihe River Basin, Henan Province, China. Data Content: The dataset comprises two main parts: 1. Stand Inventory Data: Tree species, planting pattern (monoculture/intercropping), mean diameter at breast height (DBH, cm), mean tree height (m), canopy density (%), and stand density (trees/ha). 2. Soil Property Data: Samples were collected from two depth intervals (0-10 cm and 30-50 cm). Analyzed properties include: Soil organic carbon (SOC, g/kg), Particulate organic carbon (POC, g/kg), Easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC, g/kg), Total nitrogen (TN, mg/kg), Ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N, mg/kg), Microbial biomass carbon (MBC, mg/kg), Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN, mg/kg). Data Availability and Usage: This dataset is embargoed until December 31, 2026 to allow for the publication of the associated manuscript. Upon expiration of the embargo, the data will be fully accessible under a CC-BY 4.0 license. Researchers are encouraged to cite this dataset if used in their work.本数据集支撑投稿至期刊《Catena》、题为《从生物调控到结构调控：可解释机器学习揭示亚热带人工林土壤碳驱动因子沿深度的根本性转变》的手稿的相关研究发现。 研究概况：本研究旨在采用可解释机器学习方法（随机森林（Random Forest）与XGBoost结合SHAP分析），定量揭示亚热带人工林土壤有机碳（SOC）及微生物生物量（MBC、MBN）的深度依赖性驱动因子。数据采集自中国河南省石河流域的13年生单作与间作人工林，涉及3个树种：女贞（Ligustrum lucidum）、桂花（Osmanthus fragrans）和香樟（Cinnamomum camphora）。 数据内容：本数据集共包含两大部分： 1. 林分调查数据：树种、种植模式（单作/间作）、平均胸径（DBH, cm）、平均树高（m）、林分郁闭度（%）及林分密度（株/公顷）。 2. 土壤属性数据：样品采集自两个深度层（0-10 cm与30-50 cm），所分析的属性包括：土壤有机碳（SOC, g/kg）、颗粒态有机碳（POC, g/kg）、易氧化有机碳（EOC, g/kg）、全氮（TN, mg/kg）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N, mg/kg）、微生物生物量碳（MBC, mg/kg）及微生物生物量氮（MBN, mg/kg）。 数据获取与使用说明：本数据集处于保密限制期至2026年12月31日，以保障关联手稿的顺利发表。保密限制期届满后，数据集将以CC-BY 4.0许可协议完全开放获取。若研究工作中使用本数据集，请务必引用本数据集。