Primary soil contaminants, risks and their relationship with susceptibility to myocardial infarctions in urban Krakow (Poland)

Data regard soil contamination with PAHs and Zn, Pb and Cd in different functional areas of Krakow, a second large industrial city in Poland. The functional areas such as old centrum, industrial area, residential area and reference areas differ in age, density of inhabitants and soil pollution. In the work data concerning myocardial infarction (MI) incidences in 5054 hospitalised patients who had lived in Krakow for more than 30 years were included in order to check if the soil contamination affects the frequency of MI incidences. The data regarding MI incidences were grouped according to the addresses of the patients in the studied functional areas. Iour study illustrated the diversity of soil contamination by Zn, Pb, Cd and PAHs related to the functional areas of the city. Soils from the old and densely inhabited city-centre and industrial zones were significantly more polluted than soils from the residential zone and locations outside Krakow. Some sites in the central and industrial zones that were characterised by toxicity indices, based on BaP toxicity, exceeded safe values, and the amounts of Zn, Pb and Cd in the soils of these areas showed a strong ecological risk. n areas with higher concentrations of PAHs and HMs, more frequent incidences of MI among residents were found, which strongly suggests that long-term PAH and HM exposure may be a risk factor for developing MI and CAD events. Considering the chronic exposure of residents to PAHs and HMs in the environment, this study has important implications for the health of city inhabitants, and points to a need to take action to reduce pollutant emissions.本数据集围绕波兰第二大工业城市克拉科夫各功能区域内多环芳烃（PAHs）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）与镉（Cd）所致的土壤污染情况展开。该研究涵盖的功能区域包括老城区、工业区、居民区与对照区域，各区域在建成年代、人口密度及土壤污染程度上均存在显著差异。为探究土壤污染是否会对心肌梗死（MI）的发病频次产生影响，本研究纳入了5054名在克拉科夫居住时长超过30年的住院患者的心肌梗死发病数据，并依据患者在对应研究功能区域的住址对发病数据进行分组统计。本研究明确了克拉科夫不同功能区域内多环芳烃（PAHs）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）与镉（Cd）造成的土壤污染分布差异：老城区、人口稠密的市中心及工业区的土壤污染程度显著高于居民区与克拉科夫市郊区域。市中心与工业区的部分点位，基于苯并芘（BaP）毒性计算得到的毒性指数超出安全限值，该区域土壤中的锌、铅与镉含量亦呈现出极高的生态风险。在多环芳烃与重金属（HMs）浓度较高的区域，居民的心肌梗死发病频次显著更高，这有力表明长期暴露于多环芳烃与重金属，可能是诱发心肌梗死与冠状动脉疾病（CAD）的风险因素。鉴于居民长期暴露于环境中的多环芳烃与重金属，本研究对城市居民的健康具有重要的指导价值，同时也提示亟需采取行动以降低污染物排放。