Mental Health of Young People Who Inject Drugs

PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND HIV RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG YOUNG INJECTION DRUG USERS, NIDA GRANT R01DA020368
The specific aims of this study are: (1) to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and symptoms among young IDU; (2) to examine the sociodemographic and drug use correlates of psychiatric problems; (3) to identify gaps in access to psychiatric care, drug treatment, and HIV/STD prevention services among young IDUs with and without psychiatric problems; (4) to compare the rates of unsafe sex and injection behaviors among young IDUs with and without psychiatric problems; (5) to compare HIV-prevention knowledge, pro-prevention attitudes and norms, and self-efficacy for prevention behavior of young IDUs with and without psychiatric problems; and (6) to test an Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of HIV risk behavior on a sample of young IDUs. We completed interviews with 570 IDUs ages 18 to 25 years recruited from Chicago neighborhoods through outreach and respondent-driven sampling. Trained clinicians administered the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM) to assess psychiatric disorders and symptoms. Respondents also completed an audio-computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) survey to assess risk behavior, treatment and service history, socio-demographic background, and social-cognitive measures. Findings have been reported in the following journal articles:

Mackesy-Amiti ME, Donenberg GR, Ouellet LJ. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among young injection drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Jul 1;124(1-2):70-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.012. Epub 2012 Jan 9. PMID: 22226707; PMCID: PMC3350828.

Mackesy-Amiti ME, Donenberg GR, Ouellet LJ. Psychiatric correlates of injection risk behavior among young people who inject drugs. Psychol Addict Behav. 2014 Dec;28(4):1089-95. doi: 10.1037/a0036390. Epub 2014 Aug 18. PMID: 25134053; PMCID: PMC4274210.

Mackesy-Amiti ME, Donenberg GR, Ouellet LJ. Prescription opioid misuse and mental health among young injection drug users. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2015 Jan;41(1):100-6. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.940424. Epub 2014 Aug 8. PMID: 25105884; PMCID: PMC4262584.

青年注射毒品使用者的精神障碍与HIV风险行为研究（美国国家药物滥用研究所（National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA）资助项目R01DA020368）

本研究的具体目标如下：
1. 估算青年注射毒品使用者（Injection Drug User, IDU）的精神障碍及相关症状的患病率；
2. 探究精神障碍相关问题的社会人口学特征与药物使用关联因素；
3. 识别存在与不存在精神障碍的青年注射毒品使用者在精神卫生服务、药物成瘾治疗以及HIV/性传播疾病（Sexually Transmitted Disease, STD）预防服务获取方面的差距；
4. 对比存在与不存在精神障碍的青年注射毒品使用者的不安全性行为与注射行为发生率；
5. 对比存在与不存在精神障碍的青年注射毒品使用者的HIV预防知识、支持预防的态度与规范，以及预防行为的自我效能感；
6. 在青年注射毒品使用者样本中检验HIV风险行为的信息-动机-行为技能（Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills, IMB）模型。

本研究通过外展招募与应答者驱动抽样法，从芝加哥各社区招募了570名年龄在18至25岁之间的注射毒品使用者并完成访谈。经过培训的临床医师采用《物质与精神障碍精神科研究访谈量表》（Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders, PRISM）对参与者的精神障碍及相关症状进行评估。参与者同时完成了音频计算机辅助自我访谈（Audio-Computer-Assisted Self-Interview, ACASI）问卷，以评估其风险行为、治疗与服务史、社会人口学背景以及社会认知相关指标。

本研究成果已发表于以下期刊论文：
1. Mackesy-Amiti ME、Donenberg GR、Ouellet LJ. 青年注射毒品使用者的精神障碍患病率. 《药物与酒精依赖（Drug Alcohol Depend）》. 2012年7月1日;124(1-2):70-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.012. 2012年1月9日在线发表. PMID: 22226707; PMCID: PMC3350828.
2. Mackesy-Amiti ME、Donenberg GR、Ouellet LJ. 青年注射毒品人群的注射风险行为与精神障碍关联因素. 《成瘾行为心理学（Psychol Addict Behav）》. 2014年12月;28(4):1089-95. DOI: 10.1037/a0036390. 2014年8月18日在线发表. PMID: 25134053; PMCID: PMC4274210.
3. Mackesy-Amiti ME、Donenberg GR、Ouellet LJ. 青年注射毒品使用者的处方阿片类药物滥用与精神健康状况. 《美国药物与酒精滥用杂志（Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse）》. 2015年1月;41(1):100-6. DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2014.940424. 2014年8月8日在线发表. PMID: 25105884; PMCID: PMC4262584.