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The study was conducted as an experimental interventional study in which each animal served as its control. The experiment included a 3 day control period before OF overload (0 h) and 3 days of surveillance afterward. All animals received the same experimental treatment. According to a previous study (7), the OF-treated heifers (n = 5) received 17 g/kg body weight (BW) of OF (Bailong Bio-Tech Company, Jinan, China) dissolved in 2 L of tap water per 100 kg of BW. Before 3 days (–72 h) of the high oral dose of OF, a 5% dose of OF was administered daily. During the preexperimental period, heifers were trained to have their front feet lifted and examined, and to be directed by hand to walk and trot. During the experiment, all heifers were housed in a tie-stall barn on a rubber-layered floor bed and fed grass hay ad libitum. After 72 h of OF overload, heifers were euthanized.本研究为实验性干预研究，采用动物自身对照设计。实验设置了OF负荷前3天的对照阶段（以0小时为时间节点），以及负荷完成后3天的监测阶段。所有受试动物接受统一的实验处理方案。根据既往研究（参考文献7），OF处理组小母牛（n=5）按每千克体重17g的剂量给予OF，该药物由中国济南百龙生物科技有限公司提供，每100kg体重（Body Weight, BW）的OF需溶于2L自来水中配制给药溶液。在高剂量口服OF给药前3天（即-72小时节点），每日给予5%剂量的OF进行预处理。实验预适应阶段，对小母牛进行驯化训练，使其配合完成前肢抬举检查，并能听从人工指令行走与小跑。实验期间，所有小母牛均饲养于铺设橡胶垫卧床的拴系牛舍内，自由采食禾本科干草。OF负荷灌服72小时后，对所有小母牛实施安乐死。