毛柿花的化學成份

採自恆春半島恆春熱帶植物園內的毛柿新鮮花，計雌株15棵，雄株18棵，進行頂空微固相萃取及氣相質譜層析儀分析。結果顯示毛柿的花共有34種成份；萜類化合物含氧單萜類有Linalool及Linalool oxide等4種成份，唯含量均低，僅0.27~2.27%。含氧倍半萜類有8種成份，其中trans-Farnesol含量最高，雌雄花分別為43.56%及48.64%，此成份亦是全部化合物中含量最高者。倍半萜類化合物有12種成份，含量較高者，分別是β-Cubebene、Cadinene和α-Farnesene等。萜類化合物以外的其他成份有10種，以Tricosane含量最高，雌雄花分別佔9.10%及8.74%，其餘的Heneicosane、Benzyl nitrile等，含量0.15至6.15%不等。雌雄花之化學成份大都相同，有28種化合物同時在雌雄花出現，僅6種化合物兩者不同。大多數成份(21種)雌花大於雄花，僅β-Cubebene、trans-Farnesol、Farnesal及Farnesyl acetate等6種成份，雄花含量大於雌花。雌花特有的化學成份為Linalool oxide、α-Methyl-α-[4-methyl-3-pentenyl]oxiranemethanol，不見於雄花；雄花特有的成份僅β-Phenylethyl alcohol。毛柿雌雄花的化學成份含量，上午、下午及晚上並無明顯的變化，多數成份上午含量最高，但倍半萜類之大多數成份中，雄花含量最多的時刻卻在下午。萜類外之Tricosane及Tetracosane僅在下午的雌花及下午、晚上的雄花檢測出。Tetracosane含量僅0.26~0.45%。Fresh flowers of Diospyros eriantha were collected from the Hengchun Tropical Botanical Garden on the Hengchun Peninsula, with 15 female and 18 male individuals sampled. All samples were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed that a total of 34 chemical components were identified in the flowers of D. eriantha. Four oxygenated monoterpenes were detected, including Linalool and Linalool oxide, with their relative contents ranging from 0.27% to 2.27%, all at relatively low levels. Eight oxygenated sesquiterpenes were present, among which trans-Farnesol was the most abundant component, accounting for 43.56% and 48.64% in female and male flowers respectively, and it was also the most abundant compound across all identified components. Twelve sesquiterpenes were identified, with relatively high contents of β-Cubebene, Cadinene, α-Farnesene and other components. There were 10 non-terpenoid components, among which Tricosane was the most abundant, with relative contents of 9.10% and 8.74% in female and male flowers respectively; the remaining components such as Heneicosane and Benzyl nitrile had contents varying from 0.15% to 6.15%. Most chemical components were shared between female and male flowers: 28 compounds were detected in both genders, while only 6 compounds were gender-specific. For 21 of the shared components, the relative contents were higher in female flowers than in male ones; only 6 components including β-Cubebene, trans-Farnesol, Farnesal and Farnesyl acetate exhibited higher contents in male flowers. The female flower-specific components were Linalool oxide and α-Methyl-α-[4-methyl-3-pentenyl]oxiranemethanol, which were not detected in male flowers, while only β-Phenylethyl alcohol was unique to male flowers. No significant diurnal variations in the relative contents of chemical components were observed in either female or male flowers of D. eriantha. For most components, the highest relative contents were detected in the morning. However, for the majority of sesquiterpenes, the highest contents in male flowers were found in the afternoon. Among non-terpenoid components, Tricosane and Tetracosane were only detected in afternoon-collected female flowers and afternoon/night-collected male flowers, with the relative content of Tetracosane ranging from 0.26% to 0.45%.