Hadron Structure in the CRVD Framework

Within the framework of Continuous Repulsive Volumetric Dynamics (CRVD), a hadron is not regarded as a collection of isolated point-like constituents, but as a continuous, unified geometric body in the O-field. In this view, a hadron is a radial geodesic in the O-field that acquires a spherical structure through three quark geodesic twists. These three twists correspond to quarks, each of which continuously covers one third of the hadron’s surface and one third of its volume. In this geometric picture, there are no rigid boundaries, no independent inter-quark spaces, and no genuine gaps separating the quarks. Instead, the quark boundaries are continuously connected and intertwined from the hadron’s surface toward its center, where they converge more tightly. Gluons are not separate entities occupying an independent region of space; rather, they are the low-twist or no-twist intervening sections of the same hadronic geodesic. This article presents the geometric structure of hadrons in CRVD, the role of quarks and gluons, the topological origin of spin, the structure of Δ resonances, and the geometric interpretation of their decay.