Dataset on 21 years of the dairy production sector in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais

This repository contains two processed datasets, JDD1 and JDD2, together with the R scripts used for data preparation and statistical analysis. Both datasets describe dairy production systems in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais at the municipality level and were assembled from aggregated, publicly available secondary data. They contain no personal, farm-identifiable, or individual-animal information. JDD1 is a longitudinal municipality-level dataset covering 2004–2024. Annual milk production and the number of cows milked were obtained from the Municipal Livestock Survey through Table 74 of the Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática (SIDRA), maintained by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Milk productivity was calculated as annual milk production divided by the number of cows milked. JDD1 also contains annual indicators of exposure to heat-stress conditions derived from ERA5-Land, the global land-surface reanalysis dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Air temperature and dew-point temperature data were used to calculate the Temperature–Humidity Index and annual municipality-level heat-exposure indicators. The agricultural and climatic variables were subsequently integrated by municipality and year. JDD2 is a cross-sectional municipality-level dataset derived from the 2006 Brazilian Agricultural Census, conducted by IBGE. It includes variables describing dairy farms, cows milked, milk production, production value, and selected reproductive and milking technologies. The geographic coverage comprises the 853 municipalities of Minas Gerais. The unit of observation is municipality-year for JDD1 and municipality for JDD2. The files are processed research datasets rather than complete reproductions of the original databases. Users should consult the accompanying README and scripts before reuse. Disclaimer The dataset and accompanying analysis scripts are provided “as is.” Although reasonable care has been taken in their preparation, verification, and documentation, they may contain errors, omissions, inaccuracies, or software defects. No express or implied warranty is made regarding the accuracy, completeness, reliability, reproducibility, or fitness of these materials for any particular purpose. Users are responsible for independently reviewing and validating the data, code, methods, and results before relying on them. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the authors accept no liability for any loss, damage, or other consequences arising from the use of, or reliance on, the dataset, scripts, or results derived from them. Suspected errors may be reported to [e-mail]. Confirmed corrections or improvements may be released in subsequent versions of this deposit. Original data sources IBGE, 2009. Censo Agropecuário 2006: Brasil, Grandes Regiões e Unidades da Federação. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro. https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/51/agro_2006.pdf. IBGE, 2025. Pesquisa da Pecuária Municipal: Tabela 74 — Produção de origem animal, por tipo de produto. SIDRA. https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/tabela/74. Muñoz-Sabater, J., et al., 2021. ERA5-Land: A state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications. Earth System Science Data 13, 4349–4383. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4349-2021