Capsule Opacification Following Phacoemulsification on Cataract Patient: A Systematic Review

Purpose: We investigate the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of capsule opacification in cataract patients after phacoemulsification. Methods: A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Epistemonikos databases to retrieve studies. Patients with capsule opacification following phacoemulsification were included in this study. Relevant studies meeting defined eligibility criteria were selected and reviewed systematically according to the PRISMA flowchart. Long-term incidences and risk factors of capsule opacification, which developed at least one year after phacoemulsification, were considered and discussed as clinical outcomes. Results: There were 693 articles throughout 2013-2023 in all databases. Twenty-four articles were included for review after screening for duplication with inclusion and exclusion criteria. We discovered that hydrophobic IOLs are preferable than hydrophilic. The square-edged are better than round-edged. The use of a 360-degree continuous enhanced square-edge posterior barrier with reference to IOL positioning and anterior capsulorhexis. Other surgical factors, such as capsulorhexis size, irrigated or aspirated capsule, sealed up or fixed IOL in the bag, and other issue is patient-related, such as patient's age and kind of ocular disease all contributed to the development of capsule opacification. All analyses revealed unusually high levels of data heterogeneity, which may indicate that incidence varied significantly among the various populations under study. Patients with uveitis disease, used hydrophilic IOLs, and male were commonly reported. Conclusions: After phacoemulsification for cataract patients, capsule opacification is a typical side effect. Furthermore, the materials and design used in IOLs, surgical technique, and a person's related condition should be modified to prevent or delay capsule opacification.Keywords: Capsule Opacification, Phacoemulsification, Cataract, Risk Factor, Incidence