Data from: Multi-purpose habitat networks for short-range and long-range connectivity: a new method combining graph and circuit connectivity

1. Biodiversity conservation in landscapes undergoing climate and land-use changes requires designing multi-purpose habitat networks that connect the movements of organisms at multiple spatial scales. Short-range connectivity within habitat networks provides organisms access to spatially distributed resources, reduces local extinctions, and increases re-colonization of habitat fragments. Long-range connectivity across habitat networks facilitates annual migrations and climate-driven range shifts. 2. We present a method for identifying a multi-purpose network of forest patches that promotes both short and long-range connectivity. Our method uses both graph-theoretic analyses that quantify network connectedness and circuit-based analyses that quantify network traversability as the basis for identifying spatial conservation priorities on the landscape. 3. We illustrate our approach in the agroecosystem, bordered by the Laurentian and Appalachian mountain ranges, that surrounds the metropolis of Montreal, Canada. We established forest conservation priorities for the Ovenbird, a Neotropical migrant, sensitive to habitat fragmentation that breeds in our study area. All connectivity analyses were based on the same empirically informed resistance surface for Ovenbird but habitat pixels that facilitated short- and long-range connectivity requirements had low spatial correlation. The trade-off between connectivity requirements in the final ranking of conservation priorities showed a pattern of diminishing returns such that beyond a threshold, additional conservation of long-range connectivity had decreased effectiveness on the conservation of short-range connectivity. Highest conservation priority was assigned to a series of stepping stone forest patches across the study area that promote traversability between the bordering mountain ranges and to a collection of small forest fragments scattered throughout the study area that provide connectivity within the agroecosystem. 4. Landscape connectivity is important for the ecology and genetics of populations threatened by climate change and habitat fragmentation. Our method has been used to conserve two critical dimensions of connectivity for a single species but it is designed to incorporate a variety of connectivity requirements for many species. Our approach can be tailored to local, regional, and continental conservation initiatives to protect essential species movements that will allow biodiversity to persist in a changing climate.1. 在正经历气候变化与土地利用变化的景观中开展生物多样性保护，需要构建多用途栖息地网络（multi-purpose habitat networks），以连通不同空间尺度下的生物移动过程。栖息地网络内部的短距离连通性，可帮助生物获取空间分布的资源、降低局部灭绝风险，并提升对栖息地片段的重新定殖率；而跨栖息地网络的长距离连通性，则能助力生物的年度迁徙与气候驱动的分布范围转移。 2. 本研究提出一种识别兼具短、长距离连通性促进作用的森林斑块网络的方法。该方法以量化网络连通度的图论分析与量化网络可穿行性的电路理论分析为基础，用于确定景观尺度下的空间保护优先级。 3. 我们以加拿大蒙特利尔大都市周边、以劳伦琴山脉与阿巴拉契亚山脉为界的农业生态系统为研究区域，验证了所提方法的有效性。本研究针对研究区域内繁殖的、对栖息地片段化敏感的新热带界候鸟灶巢鸟（Ovenbird），确定了森林保护优先级。所有连通性分析均基于针对灶巢鸟的同一套经验参数化阻力表面，但满足短、长距离连通性需求的栖息地像元呈现出较低的空间相关性。在最终的保护优先级排序中，连通性需求之间的权衡呈现边际效益递减规律：当超过某一阈值后，额外开展长距离连通性保护对短距离连通性保护的增益效果会显著下降。最高保护优先级被分配至研究区域内一系列连接两侧山脉、可提升景观可穿行性的踏脚石森林斑块，以及散布于研究区域内、可为农业生态系统内部提供连通性的小型森林片段集合。 4. 景观连通性对于受气候变化与栖息地片段化威胁的种群的生态学与遗传学研究至关重要。本研究方法已被用于保障单一物种的两类关键连通性维度，但该方法的设计初衷是可整合多物种的多样连通性需求。本方法可针对地方、区域乃至大陆尺度的保护行动进行定制，以保护物种必要的移动过程，助力生物多样性在气候变化背景下得以存续。