Assortative mating by an obliquely transmitted local cultural trait promotes genetic divergence: a model

The effect of learned culture (e.g., birdsong dialects and human languages) on genetic divergence is unclear. Previous theoretical research suggests that because oblique learning allows phenotype transmission from individuals with no offspring to an unrelated individual in the next generation, the effect of sexual selection on the learned trait is masked. However, I propose that migration and spatially constrained learning can form statistical associations between cultural and genetic traits, which may allow selection on the cultural traits to indirectly affect the genetic traits. Here, I build a population genetic model that allows such statistical associations to form, and find that sexual selection and divergent selection on the cultural trait can indeed help maintain genetic divergence through such statistical associations, while selection against genetic hybrids does not affect cultural trait divergence. Furthermore, I find that even when the cultural trait changes over time due t...习得文化（learned culture，例如鸟鸣方言与人类语言）对遗传分化（genetic divergence）的影响尚不明确。既往理论研究表明，由于斜向学习（oblique learning）允许表型（phenotype）从无后代个体传递给下一代中的无关个体，因此性选择（sexual selection）对习得性状（learned trait）的作用会被掩盖。然而本文提出，迁移与空间受限学习能够在文化性状与遗传性状之间建立统计关联，使得针对文化性状的选择可间接作用于遗传性状。本文构建了可形成此类统计关联的群体遗传模型（population genetic model），研究发现：针对文化性状的性选择与歧化选择（divergent selection）确实可通过此类统计关联维持遗传分化；而针对遗传杂种（genetic hybrids）的选择则不会影响文化性状的分化。此外，本文还发现，即便文化性状因（原文未完整收尾）随时间发生变化……