Mapping and Classification of Trees Outside Forests using Deep Learning

We introduce a Trees Outside Forests (TOF) dataset covering four agricultural study regions in Germany: Brandenburg (BB), North Rhine–Westphalia South (NRW_S), North Rhine–Westphalia North (NRW_N), and Schleswig-Holstein (SH). Each region includes high-resolution RGB orthophotos (20 cm ground sampling distance) provided by the respective federal mapping agencies. The dataset contains: Orthophotos in GeoTIFF format Expert-labeled training data in ESRI Shapefile format Four TOF categories based on morphology and structure: Forest Patch Linear Tree Paper: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.25239Code: https://github.com/Moerizzy/TOFMapper.git All orthophotos were obtained from official governmental institutions: Landesamt für Vermessung und Geoinformation Schleswig-Holstein (LVermGeo SH), 2025:Digitale Orthophotos 1:5000 (DOP20)https://opendataportal.lsh.uni-kiel.de/dataset/digitale-orthophotos-dop20Licensed under CC BY 4.0 Landesvermessung und Geobasisinformation Brandenburg (LGB), 2025:Luftbilder aktuellhttps://geobasis-bb.de/lgb/de/geodaten/luftbilder/luftbilder-aktuell/Licensed under Datenlizenz Deutschland – Namensnennung – Version 2.0 (dl-de/by-2-0) Geobasis NRW, 2025Aktuelle Luftbild- und Satellitenbildinformationenhttps://www.bezreg-koeln.nrw.de/geobasis-nrw/produkte-und-dienste/luftbild-und-satellitenbildinformationen/aktuelle-luftbild-und-0Licensed under Datenlizenz Deutschland – Namensnennung – Version 2.0 (dl-de/by-2-0)