Research data for paper "Geosmin suppresses defensive behaviour and elicits unusual neural responses in honey bees"

Research data for paper published in Scientific Reports journal March 2023 This data explores the effects of Geosmin on honeybees and has three separate parts: 1. Behavioural data on the stinging response of bees towards a dummy in the presence of the alarm pheromone and Geosmin 2. Electro-antennogram (EAG) data of the response to Geosmin on bees' antenna 3. Calcium imaging data illustrating the neural response to Geosmin in the honey bee antennal lobe. Data & File Overview File List: Bee_Aggression_Behaviour.csv: Bees' stinging responses towards a rotating dummy Bee_AL_Calcium_imaging.csv: Calcium imaging time traces for individual odour stimuli and glomeruli in all bees Bee_EAG_Data.csv: Electroantennography response amplitudes for individual odour stimuli in all bees Methodological Information all Methods described in: Scarano F, Deivarajan Suresh M, Tiraboschi E, Cabirol A, Nouvian M, Nowotny T, Haase A. Geosmin suppresses defensive behaviour and elicits unusual neural responses in honey bees. Sci Rep 13:3851 (2023) Data-specific Information for: 'Bee_Aggression_Behaviour.csv' The data file contains observational data from an aggression assay, where 325 bee dyads were inserted into an arena with a rotating dummy. Data indicates whether a behaviour was observed or not from one or both bees. Further details in the Methods sections of Scarano et al. 2021 Number of variables/columns: 17 Number of cases/rows: 324 Variable List: A) Day: Date in which bees were tested, DD/MM/YYYY B) Weather: Describes the weather on the trial date, Sunny / Cloudy C) Hive: Hive colour recognised by the paint colour from which the bees have been acquired, Orange / White / Green / Yellow D) Dummy: Which of two arenas used in that behavioural trial, A / B E) Group: Represents the odours - VOCs and its mixtures with the respective concentrations, IAA / Geosmin6 / Geosmin3 / IAAGeo3 / IAAGeo6 / Control, Concentrations: 3 (10^-3) & 6 (10^-6) F) Sting.Bee1: Represents if bee one exhibits stinging behaviour, 0 (no) / 1 (yes), binary G) Sting.Bee2: Represents if bee two exhibits stinging behaviour, 0 (no) / 1 (yes), binary H) Recruit.Bee1: Represents if bee one exhibits recruiting behaviour, 0 (no) / 1 (yes), binary I) Recruit.Bee2: Represents if bee two exhibits recruiting behaviour, 0 (no) / 1 (yes), binary J) Grooming/Calm: Represents if the bees exhibit grooming or calm behaviour, 0 (none) /1 /2, number of bees K) Batch: Represents in which time batch the trials were conducted, 1 (Morning) / 2 (Afternoon), numerical – time period L) number.sting: Represents number of bees stinging in a trial, 0/1/2, number of bees M) number.recruit: Represents number of bees recruiting in a trial, 0/1/2, number of bees N) sting.first: Represents if the stinging behaviour was exhibited first in a trial, 0 (no) / 1 (yes), binary O) recruit.first: Represents if the recruiting behaviour was exhibited first in a trial, 0 (no) / 1 (yes), binary P) b.sting: Represents if there was any stinging behaviour exhibited by the two bees during that trial, 0 (no) / 1 (yes), binary Q) b.recruit: Represents if there was any recruiting behaviour exhibited by the two bees during that trial, 0 (no) / 1 (yes), binary Data-specific Information for: 'Bee_EAG_Data.csv' Data are electroantennography responses for 24 antennas exposed to different odour stimuli. Data points are voltage change amplitudes with respect to the baseline, averaged over the 1s stimulus duration. Further datails in the Methods sections of Scarano et al. 2021 Number of variables/columns: 16 Number of cases/rows: 24 Variable List: A) Bee: subject numbers B-P) Responses to different Odours and Concentrations Values are average potential change (over 10 repetitions) in response to the presented odour stimuli in units of Volt Odours presented: Control = pure mineral oil (solvent) Geo = geosmin in mineral oil at a concentration indicated in brackets IAA = Isoamil acetate in mineral oil at a concentration indicated in brackets B) Control mineral oil C) Geo (10^-6) D) Geo (10^-5) E) Geo (10^-4) F) Geo (10^-3) G) IAA (10^-3) H) IAA (10^-3)+ Geo (10^-6) I) IAA (10^-3)+ Geo (10^-5) J) IAA (10^-3)+ Geo (10^-4) K) IAA (10^-3)+ Geo (10^-3) L) IAA (10^-1) M) IAA (10^-1)+ Geo (10^-6) N) IAA (10^-1)+ Geo (10^-5) O) IAA (10^-1)+ Geo (10^-4) P) IAA (10^-1)+ Geo (10^-3) Data-specific Information for: 'Bee_AL_Calcium_imaging.csv' The data file contains response curve from up to 19 glomeruli in the antennal lobe of 14 bees, data are relative changes in fluorescence averaged over the glomerular area. The fluorescence changes stem from projection neurons that were stained by backfill injection with the calcium-sensitive dye fura-dextrane. Further details in Methods sections of Scarano et al. 2021 Number of variables/columns: 95 Number of cases/rows: 1720 Variable List: A) Bee-id: Subject number B) Glo_id: Glomerulus number following bee antennal lobe standard atlas nomenclature for tract T1 C) Odour: Stimulus odour type Geo6 = Geosmin at concentration 10^-6 in mineral oil Geo3 = Geosmin at concentration 10^-3 in mineral oil IAA = Isoamyl acetate at concentration 10^-1 in mineral oil 3Hex = 3-hexanol at concentration 5x10^-3 in mineral oil acetoph = Acetophenone at concentration 5x10^-3 in mineral oil non = 1-nonanol at concentration 5x10^-3 in mineral oil IAA-Glo are mixtures of both odours D) Response: Automatized response classification (1 activated, 2 background activity, 2 inhibited) E-CQ) Frame_1-91: Glomerular response curves, 91 frames, 10.033 frames/s, Curves cover a 1s prestimulus interval (frames 1-30), 1s stimulus (frames 31-60), and 1s post stimulus (frames 61-91). Values are fluorescence changes in percent, averaged over the glomerular area, background subtracted and normalized with respect to the background. Article Abstract Geosmin is an odorant produced by bacteria in moist soil. It has been found to be extraordinarily relevant to some insects, but the reasons for this are not yet fully understood. Here we report the first tests of the effect of geosmin on honey bees. A stinging assay showed that the defensive behaviour elicited by the bee’s alarm pheromone component isoamyl acetate (IAA) is strongly suppressed by geosmin. Surprisingly, the suppression is, however, only present at very low geosmin concentrations, and disappears at higher concentrations. We investigated the underlying mechanisms at the level of the olfactory receptor neurons by means of electroantennography, finding the responses to mixtures of geosmin and IAA to be lower than to pure IAA, suggesting an interaction of both compounds at the olfactory receptor level. Calcium imaging of the antennal lobe (AL) revealed that neuronal responses to geosmin decreased with increasing concentration, correlating well with the observed behaviour. Computational modelling of odour transduction and coding in the AL suggests that a broader activation of olfactory receptor types by geosmin in combination with lateral inhibition could lead to the observed non-monotonic increasing–decreasing responses to geosmin and thus underlie the specificity of the behavioural response to low geosmin concentrations. Links to other resources relating to the data Computational modelling software that aims at reproducing the Calicum and EAG data indcluded here, is available on https://github.com/tnowotny/bee_al_2021本数据集为2023年3月发表于《Scientific Reports》期刊的论文配套研究数据。本数据围绕土臭素（Geosmin）对蜜蜂的影响展开，共包含三个独立部分： 1. 蜜蜂在告警信息素与土臭素存在下对模拟目标的蛰刺行为数据 2. 蜜蜂触角对土臭素的触角电位（Electro-antennogram, EAG）数据 3. 蜜蜂触角叶对土臭素的神经响应钙成像数据 数据与文件概览 文件列表： - Bee_Aggression_Behaviour.csv：蜜蜂对旋转模拟目标的蛰刺响应数据 - Bee_AL_Calcium_imaging.csv：所有受试蜜蜂单个气味刺激与肾小体的钙成像时间轨迹数据 - Bee_EAG_Data.csv：所有受试蜜蜂对单个气味刺激的触角电位响应幅值数据 方法学信息 所有方法细节参见下述论文：Scarano F, Deivarajan Suresh M, Tiraboschi E, Cabirol A, Nouvian M, Nowotny T, Haase A. Geosmin suppresses defensive behaviour and elicits unusual neural responses in honey bees. Sci Rep 13:3851 (2023) ### 《Bee_Aggression_Behaviour.csv》专属数据说明 本数据文件包含一项蛰刺行为试验的观测数据：共325组蜜蜂对被置于竞技场的旋转模拟目标开展试验，记录单只或两只蜜蜂是否表现出目标行为。更多细节参见Scarano等人2021年论文的方法学章节。 变量/列数：17个 样本/行数：324条 变量列表： A) Day：蜜蜂测试日期，格式为DD/MM/YYYY B) Weather：试验当日天气状况，可选值：晴朗（Sunny）/ 多云（Cloudy） C) Hive：捕获蜜蜂的蜂箱涂装颜色，可选值：橙色（Orange）/ 白色（White）/ 绿色（Green）/ 黄色（Yellow） D) Dummy：本次行为试验使用的两个竞技场之一，可选值：A / B E) Group：试验所用气味——挥发性有机物（VOCs）及其混合物与对应浓度，可选值：IAA / Geosmin6 / Geosmin3 / IAAGeo3 / IAAGeo6 / 对照组（Control）；浓度设置：3（10^-3）与6（10^-6） F) Sting.Bee1：蜜蜂1是否表现出蛰刺行为：0（未发生）/ 1（发生），二分类变量 G) Sting.Bee2：蜜蜂2是否表现出蛰刺行为：0（未发生）/ 1（发生），二分类变量 H) Recruit.Bee1：蜜蜂1是否表现出招募行为：0（未发生）/ 1（发生），二分类变量 I) Recruit.Bee2：蜜蜂2是否表现出招募行为：0（未发生）/ 1（发生），二分类变量 J) Grooming/Calm：蜜蜂表现理毛或平静行为的情况：0（无）/1/2，以蜜蜂数量计 K) Batch：试验开展的时段批次：1（上午）/ 2（下午），数值型变量，代表测试时间段 L) number.sting：本次试验中表现出蛰刺行为的蜜蜂数量：0/1/2 M) number.recruit：本次试验中表现出招募行为的蜜蜂数量：0/1/2 N) sting.first：本次试验中是否率先出现蛰刺行为：0（否）/ 1（是），二分类变量 O) recruit.first：本次试验中是否率先出现招募行为：0（否）/ 1（是），二分类变量 P) b.sting：本次试验中两只蜜蜂是否至少有一只表现出蛰刺行为：0（未发生）/ 1（发生），二分类变量 Q) b.recruit：本次试验中两只蜜蜂是否至少有一只表现出招募行为：0（未发生）/ 1（发生），二分类变量 ### 《Bee_EAG_Data.csv》专属数据说明 本数据为24根触角对不同气味刺激的触角电位响应数据，数据点为刺激持续1秒期间的平均电压变化幅值（相对于基线）。更多细节参见Scarano等人2021年论文的方法学章节。 变量/列数：16个 样本/行数：24条 变量列表： A) Bee：受试个体编号 B-P) 不同气味与浓度下的响应值：为对应气味刺激下的平均电位变化（10次重复的平均值），单位为伏特（Volt） 试验所用气味如下： - 对照组（Control）：纯矿物油（溶剂） - Geo：矿物油配制的土臭素溶液，浓度标注于括号内 - IAA：矿物油配制的乙酸异戊酯溶液，浓度标注于括号内 B) 对照组（纯矿物油） C) Geo（10^-6） D) Geo（10^-5） E) Geo（10^-4） F) Geo（10^-3） G) IAA（10^-3） H) IAA（10^-3）+ Geo（10^-6） I) IAA（10^-3）+ Geo（10^-5） J) IAA（10^-3）+ Geo（10^-4） K) IAA（10^-3）+ Geo（10^-3） L) IAA（10^-1） M) IAA（10^-1）+ Geo（10^-6） N) IAA（10^-1）+ Geo（10^-5） O) IAA（10^-1）+ Geo（10^-4） P) IAA（10^-1）+ Geo（10^-3） ### 《Bee_AL_Calcium_imaging.csv》专属数据说明 本数据文件包含14只蜜蜂触角叶中最多19个肾小体的响应曲线数据，数据为肾小体区域的平均荧光相对变化量。该荧光变化来源于经反向填充注射钙敏感染料fura-葡聚糖（fura-dextrane）标记的投射神经元。更多细节参见Scarano等人2021年论文的方法学章节。 变量/列数：95个 样本/行数：1720条 变量列表： A) Bee-id：受试个体编号 B) Glo_id：遵循蜜蜂触角叶标准图谱命名规则的T1束肾小体编号 C) Odour：刺激气味类型： - Geo6：矿物油配制的浓度为10^-6的土臭素溶液 - Geo3：矿物油配制的浓度为10^-3的土臭素溶液 - IAA：矿物油配制的浓度为10^-1的乙酸异戊酯溶液 - 3Hex：矿物油配制的浓度为5×10^-3的3-己醇溶液 - acetoph：矿物油配制的浓度为5×10^-3的苯乙酮溶液 - non：矿物油配制的浓度为5×10^-3的1-壬醇溶液 - IAA-Glo：两种气味的混合溶液 D) Response：自动化响应分类：1（激活）、2（背景活动）、2（抑制） E-CQ) Frame_1-91：肾小体响应曲线，共91帧，帧率为10.033帧/秒。曲线覆盖1秒刺激前区间（第1-30帧）、1秒刺激区间（第31-60帧）与1秒刺激后区间（第61-91帧）。数值为经背景扣除并相对于背景归一化后的肾小体区域平均荧光变化百分比。 论文摘要 土臭素是湿润土壤中细菌产生的一种气味物质，已被证实与部分昆虫存在极强的关联性，但其背后的机制尚未完全阐明。本研究首次测试了土臭素对蜜蜂的影响。蛰刺试验结果显示：蜜蜂告警信息素组分乙酸异戊酯（IAA）诱发的防御行为可被土臭素显著抑制。令人意外的是，该抑制效应仅在极低土臭素浓度下存在，高浓度土臭素则无此效果。通过触角电位技术在嗅觉受体神经元层面探究潜在机制，结果发现土臭素与IAA混合物的响应幅值低于纯IAA，表明两种化合物在嗅觉受体层面存在相互作用。对触角叶的钙成像结果显示，蜜蜂神经元对土臭素的响应随浓度升高而减弱，与观测到的行为学结果高度吻合。对触角叶气味转导与编码的计算建模表明，土臭素对多种嗅觉受体类型的广泛激活结合侧向抑制，可导致观测到的非单调先升后降的响应特征，从而解释了蜜蜂仅对低浓度土臭素产生特异性行为响应的原因。 相关数据配套资源 可复现本文钙成像与触角电位数据的计算建模软件，已上传至https://github.com/tnowotny/bee_al_2021