Replication Data for: Phenotypic and genotypic insecticide resistance profiles of main malaria vectors in Kwale county, Kenya

This is a replication dataset for the manuscript titled: "Phenotypic and genotypic insecticide resistance profiles of main malaria vectors in Kwale county, Kenya". Long-lasting insecticide-treated nets are the primary malaria vector control measure in coastal Kenya. In 2018, phenotypic resistance to pyrethroids and low frequency of L1014S kdr mutation was reported in An gambiae s.l. Since then, additional pyrethroid-treated nets were distributed in 2021. The objectives of this study were to determine the insecticide resistance profiles of An gambiae s.l. and An funestus s.l. from Kwale County and evaluate potential resistance mechanisms. From July 2023 to May 2024, adult and larval collections of An funestus s.l. and An gambiae s.l. mosquitoes were done with the aim of conducting insecticide susceptibility bioassays using WHO protocol for permethrin, deltamethrin, bendiocarb, DDT and pirimiphos-methyl. Species found resistant to pyrethroids were subjected to synergism testing by pre-exposure to piperonyl-butoxide (PBO). This was followed by genotyping of resistance-associated mutations in An funestus s.l. (CYP6P9a, CYP6P9b, GSTe2-L119F and 6.5kb S.V) and An gambiae s.l. (Kdr L1014S and L1014F). Sibling species identification was done using PCR. The association between genetic markers and phenotypic resistance was explored using logistic regression. A total of 1826 An gambiae s.l. and 715 An funestus s.l. were used in insecticide susceptibility bioassays. Both An gambiae s.l and An funestus s.l were resistant to permethrin (mortality, 58.7% and 57.1 respectively) and deltamethrin (mortality 51% and 76% respectively), but susceptible to DDT, bendiocarb and Pirimiphos-methyl. Pre-exposure to PBO reversed susceptibility in both species. Both kdr west and east were detected in Anopheles arabiensis (L1014S freq= 0.083, L1014F freq=0.063) and Anopheles quadriannulatus (L1014S freq= 0.074, L1014F freq=0.043) at low frequencies (L1014F, (OR=0.65 CI=0.08;4.65, P= 0.667) L1014S, (OR=0.11 CI=0.00;1.07, p=0.058). Anopheles funestus s.s. and Anopheles rivolurum had the presence of CYP6Pa, CYP6Pb, 6.5kb S.V and GSTe2-L119F, with low allele frequencies. There were no significant associations between the genotypes and phenotypic profile.