Surveillance Camera Image Dataset for Visual Classification in Criminal Investigation Research (CCTV Cameras)

Overview This dataset is a curated collection of 1,421 images depicting a wide variety of surveillance and security camera systems. It was assembled to support research in computer vision, specifically targeting the visual classification of surveillance cameras encountered in real-world environments. The dataset is intended to serve as a resource for developing and benchmarking image classification models that can identify and categorize surveillance camera types, a task with direct relevance to criminal investigations, digital forensics, and public safety research. The images were gathered from diverse sources to ensure broad coverage of camera form factors, mounting configurations, and environmental contexts, including outdoor street installations, indoor security setups, pole-mounted systems, wall-mounted units, and product imagery. Data Structure The dataset is provided as a flat collection of image files. All images are named using a sequential convention (camera_<ID>.<ext>) where <ID> is a numeric identifier ranging from 1 to 1421. A total of 1,421 images are included. File format: All 1,421 images are in JPEG format (.jpg). Image resolution: Images vary in resolution, ranging from 640×640 pixels up to 1,600×1,600 pixels. Color space: RGB. Directory layout: combined_dataset/├── camera_1.jpg├── camera_2.jpg├── ...└── camera_1421.jpg No annotation files are included in this release. The dataset consists of raw images intended for use in developing and training classification models, with labels to be assigned by users according to their specific taxonomy (e.g., dome camera, PTZ camera, bullet camera, fixed box camera). Example The following are representative examples of the image types found in this dataset: - Dome cameras — Indoor and outdoor dome-style cameras mounted on ceilings or walls, often from manufacturers such as Axis, Hikvision, or Dahua. - PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras — High-end steerable cameras on poles or buildings, including police and municipal installations. - Bullet cameras — Elongated weatherproof cameras typically mounted outdoors on walls or poles. - Fixed box cameras — Traditional rectangular surveillance cameras, often seen in industrial or transport settings. - Multi-sensor cameras — Dual- or multi-lens camera units for wide-area coverage. - Consumer IP cameras — Indoor Wi-Fi cameras with IR illuminators, representative of residential surveillance devices. Images include both real-world in-situ photographs (cameras installed in public or private spaces) and manufacturer product images against plain or transparent backgrounds. Acknowledgments Special gratitude is extended to the University of Twente, the Technologies for Criminal Investigations (TCI) research group, part of Saxion University of Applied Sciences and the Police Academy in the Netherlands, the Technical University of Sofia and the AI & CAD Systems Lab at Sofia Tech Park. Additionally, the work is supported by project No. BG16RFPR002-1.014-0014-C01, "Development Program with a Business Plan for the Laboratory Complex of Sofia Tech Park", implemented under the "Research, Innovation and Digitalization for Smart Transformation" Program, co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund and part of the project "Regiodeal Stedendriehoek" funded by the Dutch National Government.