New approach methods (NAMs) can reduce the need for chronic, animal studies. We applied benchmark concentration (BMC) response modeling to transcriptomic changes in whole fathead minnow larvae after 1
Head kidney (HK) and distal intestine (DI) from Atlantic salmon (average 550g) were collected. Immune cells from DI and HK were extracted and grown at 12°C in Leibovitz's L-15 Medium (L-15). The isol
Bolder individuals have greater access to food sources and reproductive partners but are also at increased risk of predation. Boldness is believed consistent across time and contexts but few studies h
