Do evolutionary constraints on thermal performance manifest at different organizational scales?

The two foremost hypotheses on the evolutionary constraints on an organism's thermal sensitivity – the hotter-is-better expectation, and the specialist–generalist trade-off – have received mixed support from empirical studies testing for their existence. Could these conflicting results reflect confusion regarding the organizational level (i.e. species > population > individual) at which these constraints should manifest? We propose that these evolutionary constraints should manifest at different organizational levels because of differences in their underlying causes and requirements. The hotter-is-better expectation should only manifest across separate evolutionary units (e.g. species, populations), and not within populations. The specialist–generalist trade-off, by contrast, should manifest within as well as between separate evolutionary units. We measured the thermal sensitivity of sprint performance for 440 rainforest sun skinks (Lampropholis coggeri) representing 10 population...关于生物体热敏感性的两大核心进化限制假说——‘越热越好’假说（hotter-is-better expectation）与特化种-泛化种权衡（specialist–generalist trade-off）——在检验其存在性的实证研究中得到了混杂的支持结果。这些相互矛盾的研究结论，是否源于对这些限制效应应显现的组织层次（即物种＞种群＞个体）存在认知混淆？我们提出，鉴于两类假说的底层成因与实现要求存在差异，两类进化限制效应应在不同的组织层次中显现。其中，‘越热越好’假说仅应在独立进化单元（如物种、种群）之间显现，而不应存在于种群内部。与之相对，特化种-泛化种权衡效应则既应在种群内部显现，也应在独立进化单元之间存在。我们针对代表10个种群的440只雨林阳光石龙子（Lampropholis coggeri）的疾跑热敏感性开展了测量……