CETD, a global compound events detection and visualisation toolbox and dataset

Compound events (CEs) are attracting increased attention due to their significant societal and ecological impacts. However, their inherent complexity can pose challenges for climate scientists and practitioners, highlighting the need for a more approachable and intuitive framework for detecting and visualising CEs. Here we introduce a Compound Events Toolbox and Dataset (CETD), which provides the first integrated, interactive and extensible platform for CEs detection and visualisation. Employing observations, reanalysis, and model simulations, CETD can quantify the frequency, duration, severity and start/end date of multiple climatic CE types: multivariate, sequential and concurrent events. It can analyse CEs often linked to severe impacts on human health, wildfires, and air pollution, such as hot-dry, wet-windy, and hot-dry-stagnation. To validate the performance of CETD, we conduct statistics for several historical high-impact events, such as the 2019 Australian wildfires and the 2022 European heatwaves. The accessibility and extensibility of CETD will benefit the broader community through better understanding and preparedness of the risks and challenges of CEs in the warming world.

复合事件（Compound Events，CEs）因其显著的社会与生态影响，正受到越来越多的关注。然而其内在的复杂性给气候科学家与相关从业者带来了诸多挑战，这凸显出开发更易用、直观的复合事件检测与可视化框架的必要性。为此，我们推出了复合事件工具箱与数据集（Compound Events Toolbox and Dataset，CETD），这是首个用于复合事件检测与可视化的集成化、交互式且可扩展的平台。该工具箱与数据集依托观测数据、再分析资料与模式模拟结果，可对多类气候型复合事件的发生频率、持续时长、严重程度以及起止时间进行量化分析，涵盖多变量型、时序型与并发型复合事件。其可分析与人类健康、野火及空气污染等严重影响密切相关的复合事件，例如干热型、湿风型以及干热停滞型复合事件。为验证CETD的性能表现，我们针对多起历史高影响事件开展了统计分析，例如2019年澳大利亚野火事件与2022年欧洲热浪事件。CETD的易用性与可扩展性，将帮助学界更深入理解变暖背景下复合事件带来的风险与挑战，并提升相关应对准备能力，从而惠及更广泛的科研与应用群体。