Data from: Global terrestrial Human Footprint maps for 1993 and 2009

Remotely-sensed and bottom-up survey information were compiled on eight variables measuring the direct and indirect human pressures on the environment globally in 1993 and 2009. This represents not only the most current information of its type, but also the first temporally-consistent set of Human Footprint maps. Data on human pressures were acquired or developed for: 1) built environments, 2) population density, 3) electric infrastructure, 4) crop lands, 5) pasture lands, 6) roads, 7) railways, and 8) navigable waterways. Pressures were then overlaid to create the standardized Human Footprint maps for all non-Antarctic land areas. A validation analysis using scored pressures from 3114×1 km2 random sample plots revealed strong agreement with the Human Footprint maps. We anticipate that the Human Footprint maps will find a range of uses as proxies for human disturbance of natural systems. The updated maps should provide an increased understanding of the human pressures that drive macro-ecological patterns, as well as for tracking environmental change and informing conservation science and application.本数据集整合了遥感（remotely-sensed）与自下而上调查获取的信息，涵盖1993年与2009年两个时间节点，共包含8项指标，用以量化全球范围内对环境造成直接与间接影响的人类活动压力。本数据集不仅是该研究领域内最新的同类数据，同时也是首套具备时序一致性的人类足迹（Human Footprint）地图集。本次研究针对8类人类活动压力采集或构建了对应数据集：1）建成环境；2）人口密度；3）电力基础设施；4）耕地；5）牧草地；6）道路；7）铁路；8）通航水道。随后通过叠加各类压力指标，生成了适用于所有非南极陆地区域的标准化人类足迹地图。通过对3114个1平方千米的随机样地开展压力评分验证分析，结果显示该人类足迹地图与实测数据具有高度一致性。我们预计，该人类足迹地图可作为自然系统受人类干扰程度的替代指标，具备多方面应用场景。本次更新的地图将有助于更深入地理解驱动宏观生态格局的人类活动压力，同时可用于追踪环境变化，并为保护科学研究与实践提供决策支撑。