Application of polyvinyl alcohol bionic films loaded with grape seed extract for postharvest preservation of Agaricus bisporus

This study aimed to explore the loading of grape seed extract (GSE) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using lotus leaf-like bionic structure for film engineering design. Through the casting and template method, a bionic composite film was fabricated and applied to the postharvest storage of Agaricus bisporus. Notably, the PVA film containing 40% GSE (BPG-40) showed good mechanical properties, with an elongation at break of 54.80%. Its antioxidant activity (64.18%) was significantly higher than that of the control film (3.44%), and it also demonstrated excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that the composite film exhibited no toxic side effects and possessed excellent biocompatibility, making it suitable for safe application in food storage applications. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the bionic composite film on Agaricus bisporus over a 12 days storage period at 4 ℃. The results indicated that the weight loss rate decreased from 6.62% in the control group to 2.05%, and the respiration rate declined from 355  mg/kg·h to 285  mg/kg·h of CO2. The retention rate of total phenolic content reached 0.72%, while polyphenol oxidase activity was merely 11.2  U/g, and malondialdehyde content was only 6  mmol/g. Therefore, the bionic composite film, characterized by good mechanical strength, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, can effectively extend the shelf life of Agaricus bisporus and may serve as a potential material in the fields of food preservation and sustainable agriculture.