U.S. expenditure on foreign loan programs 1946-1988
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U.S. foreign loan programs ending between 1946 and 1988 combined to give a total amount of 8.1 billion U.S. dollars (71.44 billion FY2018 dollars). The largest of these programs, making up almost half of the overall total, was the British Loan (also known as the Anglo-American loan). The war had bankrupted the British economy by 1946, and this loan was given to aid the UK's recovery. To secure these funds, the British government sent a delegation to the U.S., which was led by renowned economist John Maynard Keynes, in what would be his last major endeavor before his death a few weeks later. Instead of the grant that was expected, the delegation returned with a loan, totaling at 3.75 billion U.S. dollars from the United States, and an additional 1.2 billion U.S. dollars from Canada. Both came with a relatively low interest rate of two percent, although the loan was not fully repaid until 2006 (six years behind schedule). With interest, the British government repaid 7.5 billion dollars to the U.S., which was double the original sum. In addition to this loan, British recovery was also assisted through Marshall Plan grants and a boom in American investment during the post-war period. The second-largest loan program active during this time were loans that dealt with surplus property, giving a combined figure of 1.43 billion dollars between the Second World War and 1972. Such programs were replaced by the founding of the Defense Reutilization and Marketing Service (now known as the Defense Logistics Agency Disposition Services), which internationally deals with humanitarian aid and military sales, and the relocation or reutilization of U.S. property. At 800 million dollars, GARIOA was the third-largest foreign loan program that ended during the Cold War. This program primarily dealt with providing food and humanitarian aid to the occupied areas of West Germany, Austria and Japan, and actually totaled at 4.5 billion dollars combined. In terms of the 800 million dollars given in loans, all of this was distributed to West Germany.
美国在1946年至1988年间结束的外国贷款项目总计达到81亿美元(相当于2018财年的711.44亿美元)。其中规模最大的项目,占整体总额近一半,即为英国贷款(亦称英美贷款)。至1946年,战争已使英国经济破产,此笔贷款旨在援助英国的复苏。为确保这些资金,英国政府派遣以著名经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯为首的代表团前往美国,这成为了他临终前的重要工作。代表团并未带回预期的赠款,而是带回了一笔总额为37.5亿美元的贷款,其中来自美国的资金为3.75亿美元,来自加拿大的资金为12亿美元。这笔贷款的利率相对较低,为2%,尽管直到2006年(比计划晚了六年)才完全偿还。加上利息,英国政府向美国偿还了75亿美元,是原始金额的两倍。除了这笔贷款外,英国复苏还得到了马歇尔计划拨款以及战后美国投资的繁荣。在此期间,第二大贷款项目是处理剩余财产的贷款,二战至1972年间共计14.3亿美元。此类项目后来被国防再利用与营销服务(现称为国防后勤局处置服务)所取代,该机构在国际上负责人道援助和军事销售,以及美国财产的搬迁或再利用。在冷战结束期间,GARIOA项目是第三大外国贷款项目,金额为8亿美元。该项目主要涉及向被占领的西德、奥地利和日本的占领区提供食物和 humanitarian aid,总额合计达到45亿美元。在贷款的8亿美元中,全部都分配给了西德。
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