Sympatric parasites have similar host-associated, but asynchronous, patterns of diversification

Parasitism is a common symbiotic interaction across diverse natural systems. Using a comparative evolutionary approach, we investigated the contributions of both host phylogeny and abiotic factors towards diversification of phylogenetically independent endoparasites that inhabit essentially the same physical space. We tested for host-parasite and parasite-parasite phylogenetic concordance in western North American chipmunks (Rodentia: Sciuridae) and two distantly related species of pinworms (Nematoda: Oxyurida). Deep structure in molecular phylogenies revealed signals of host-associated divergence in both parasite species, while shallower phylogeographic structure varied between the two parasites. This suggests that although these parasites experienced similar landscapes and cyclic climate processes, temporally distinctive diversification events were associated with differences in the initiation of their association with host lineages. When climate cycles initiate diversification, parti...寄生（Parasitism）是广泛存在于多样自然系统中的常见共生相互作用。本研究采用比较进化研究方法，探究了宿主系统发育（host phylogeny）与非生物因子（abiotic factors）对栖息于基本相同物理空间的系统发育独立体内寄生虫（phylogenetically independent endoparasites）多样化进程的贡献。我们针对北美西部花鼠（啮齿目：松鼠科）以及两种亲缘关系较远的蛲虫（线虫纲：尖尾目），开展了宿主-寄生虫与寄生虫-寄生虫间系统发育一致性（phylogenetic concordance）的检验。分子系统发育树（molecular phylogenies）中的深层结构揭示了两种寄生虫均存在宿主相关分化（host-associated divergence）的信号，而二者较浅的系统地理结构（phylogeographic structure）则存在差异。这表明，尽管这些寄生虫经历了相似的地理环境与周期性气候过程，但时间上存在差异的分化事件与其与宿主谱系（host lineages）建立共生关联的起始时间差异相关。当气候周期启动分化进程时，部分……