Biological data from the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955-1958)

The marine program of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition was carried out on board the diesel-turbine powered \"Ob\" (1955-1958) as part of the International Geophysical Year. Supplementary material was also provided by the Antarctic station \"Mirnyi\" and the whalers \"Slava\" and \"Sovetskaya Ukraina\". Biological occurrence data was digitised from the \"Biological Reports of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1955-1958)\" Volumes 1-3. The First Soviet Antarctic Expedition was led by Mikhail Somov; his scientific deputy was V. G. Kort. The expedition lasted from 30 November 1955 to 1957 and involved 127 expedition members and 75 crew members. Three diesel-electric ships were used to transport the expedition. They were RV \"Ob\" (flagship; captain I. A. Man), RV \"Lena\" (captain A. I. Vetrov) and the refrigerator ship No. 7 (captain M. A. Tsygankov). The final ship was used only for transporting perishables. Ob and Lena were icebreakers 130m long and displacing 12,600 tons. On the 30 November 1955 the first ship (\"Ob\") left port at Kaliningrad. The principal task of the expedition was to organise the main base, Mirny, and perform limited scientific observations. Other tasks were reconnaissance of sites for the inland bases Vostok and Sovetskaya; and oceanography of the Indian ocean. The Second Soviet Antarctic Expedition was led by Aleksei Treshnikov on the continent; the marine expedition on the \"Ob\" was led by I. V. Maksimov. The \"Ob\" left Kaliningrad on 7 November, 1956. The Third Soviet Antarctic Expedition (1957–59) was led by Yevgeny Tolstikov on the continent; the marine expedition on the Ob was led by I V Maksimov. Two diesel-electric ships were used to transport the expedition. RV Ob (flagship; captain I A Man) and Kooperatsiya (captain A S Yantselevich), used mainly as a transport vessel. The ships arrived in Antarctica in November – December 1957. Together with the ships crews the expedition consisted of 445 men, of whom 183 were scheduled for wintering. The tasks of the expedition included oceanographic work on the Ob in the southern oceans.苏联南极考察队的海洋项目于1955年至1958年间在柴油涡轮动力的"鄂毕"号（Ob）上开展，作为国际地球物理年（International Geophysical Year）的组成部分。补充数据由南极米尔尼站（Mirnyi）以及"斯拉瓦"号（Slava）和"苏维埃乌克兰"号（Sovetskaya Ukraina）捕鲸船提供。 生物出现数据从《苏联南极考察队生物报告（1955-1958）》第1-3卷中数字化获取。 首届苏联南极考察队由米哈伊尔·索莫夫（Mikhail Somov）带队，其科学副手为V·G·科尔特（V. G. Kort）。本次考察周期为1955年11月30日至1957年，共有127名考察队员与75名船员参与。 考察队的运输依托三艘柴油电力船完成，分别为科考船（Research Vessel，RV）"鄂毕"号（旗舰，船长I·A·曼（I. A. Man））、"勒拿"号（RV Lena，船长A·I·韦特罗夫（A. I. Vetrov））以及7号冷藏船（船长M·A·齐甘科夫（M. A. Tsygankov））。其中最后一艘仅用于运输易腐货物。"鄂毕"号与"勒拿"号均为破冰船，船长130米，排水量12600吨。 1955年11月30日，首艘考察船"鄂毕"号从加里宁格勒港启航。 本次考察的核心任务为组建主基地米尔尼站，并开展有限范围的科学观测；其他任务包括勘察内陆站东方站（Vostok）与苏维埃站（Sovetskaya）的选址，以及开展印度洋的海洋学研究。 第二届苏联南极考察队的陆上分队由阿列克谢·特列什尼科夫（Aleksei Treshnikov）带队，"鄂毕"号的海洋考察分队由I·V·马克西莫夫（I. V. Maksimov）指挥。"鄂毕"号于1956年11月7日从加里宁格勒出发。 第三届苏联南极考察队（1957–1959）的陆上分队由叶夫根尼·托尔奇科夫（Yevgeny Tolstikov）带队，"鄂毕"号的海洋考察分队仍由I·V·马克西莫夫指挥。 本次考察的运输依托两艘柴油电力船完成：科考船RV"鄂毕"号（旗舰，船长I A Man）以及主要用作运输船的"合作"号（Kooperatsiya，船长A S Yantselevich）。两艘船于1957年11月至12月抵达南极。连同船员在内，本次考察共有445人，其中183人计划参与越冬。 本次考察的任务包括在"鄂毕"号上开展南大洋的海洋学作业。