Bioinformatics and network pharmacology confirmed that mulberry can improve diabetes

The research on the therapeutic effects of red mulberry extract in diabetes treatment has revealed its multifaceted efficacy. Out of 91 compounds identified through the TCMSP database, six major active ingredients, including cyanidin, quercetin, morin, and beta-carotene, were selected and associated with 158 targets. Further cross-database screening identified 58 gene targets related to diabetes, and 12 intersecting targets were found between mulberry and diabetes targets. The pro-tein-protein interaction (PPI) network constructed with STRING and Cystoscope software deepened the understanding of the functions of 12 interacting proteins. The disease-pathway-target-component-drug network built with Cystoscope 3.7.2 soft-ware further identified key active components in mulberries. GO and KEGG anal-yses respectively revealed the biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions, and affected diseases and pathways of mulberries in regulating diabetes.针对红桑提取物在糖尿病治疗中的药效学研究已证实其具有多方面的功效。通过中药系统药理学分析平台（TCMSP）共鉴定出91种化合物，从中筛选得到包括矢车菊素、槲皮素、桑色素以及β-胡萝卜素在内的6种主要活性成分，上述成分共关联到158个药物靶点。进一步通过跨数据库筛选得到58个与糖尿病相关的基因靶点，红桑提取物靶点与糖尿病靶点的交集共获得12个共同靶点。借助STRING数据库与Cytoscape软件构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络，进一步深化了对12个互作蛋白功能的认知。使用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件构建疾病-通路-靶点-成分-药物网络，进一步筛选出红桑中的关键活性成分。基因本体论（GO）与京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析分别揭示了红桑在调控糖尿病过程中所涉及的生物过程、细胞组分、分子功能，以及受影响的疾病与通路。