Series of Azido and Fused-Tetrazole Explosives: Combining Good Thermal Stability and Low Sensitivity

The introduction of azido groups into the energetic skeleton
has
the advantages of increasing the energy level. In this work, a series
of azido compounds with good stability and low sensitivity as well
as tetrazole-fused compounds based on energetic salts are synthesized.
The detonation pressures and velocities of these new compounds fall
in the ranges of 18.9–27.3 GPa and 7153–8450 m s–1, respectively. The detonation velocity of the tetrazole-fused
compounds based on the potassium salts 3, 6, and 7 are 7810, 7153, and 7989 m s–1, respectively. Also, their decomposition temperatures (244, 237,
and 240 °C, respectively) are higher than that of traditional
explosive RDX (204 °C). Notably, two representative compounds 2 and 5 possess higher decomposition temperature
(2: 196 °C and 5: 178 °C) and
overall detonation properties (2: D =
8129 m s–1 and P = 26.6 GPa and 5: D = 8336 m s–1 and P = 27.3 GPa) as well as relativity lower sensitivities
(2: IS = 12 J and FS = 240 N and 5: IS =
10 J and FS = 144 N) than that of primary explosive 2-diazo-4,6-dinitrophenol
(Td = 157 °C, D =
6900 m s–1, P = 24.7 GPa, IS =
1 J, and FS = 24.7 N). Moreover, the initiation capacity of compounds 2 and 5 was also assessed through the initiation
tests. The results indicate that the two compounds could be a promising
environmentally friendly primary explosive.