Supplementary file 1; Primer details for 24 differentially expressed Arabidopsis genes and 6 reference genes

This study focuses on understanding how plants, specifically Arabidopsis thaliana, respond to two major pollutants, lead (Pb) and vanadium (V) found in oil-contaminated land. While the effects of these pollutants on animals are well-studied, their impact on plants is not as clear. To fill this gap, we exposed Arabidopsis seedlings to Pb and V and analyzed the changes in gene expression using advanced sequencing and validated the data using RT PCR technique. The results showed that exposure to Pb and V led to significant changes in gene expression in Arabidopsis seedlings compared to untreated samples. Through Gene Ontology and pathway analysis, we identified several biological processes and pathways associated with the differentially expressed genes. Overall, this investigation sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity and tolerance of Arabidopsis to Pb and V, providing valuable insights into how plants respond to heavy metal stress.本研究旨在解析植物——尤其是拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）——对石油污染土壤中两种主要污染物铅（Pb）与钒（V）的响应模式。尽管此类污染物对动物的毒性效应已得到广泛研究，但其对植物的影响仍未明确。为填补这一研究空白，我们将拟南芥幼苗暴露于Pb与V胁迫环境中，采用高通量测序技术分析其基因表达变化，并通过反转录聚合酶链式反应（Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction，RT-PCR）对测序数据进行验证。结果显示，与未处理对照组相比，Pb与V暴露显著改变了拟南芥幼苗的基因表达谱。借助基因本体（Gene Ontology，GO）富集分析与通路富集分析，我们鉴定出多个与差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes）相关的生物学过程及信号通路。综上，本研究阐明了拟南芥应对Pb与V毒性及产生耐受的分子机制，为解析植物响应重金属胁迫的生物学过程提供了重要参考依据。