Vertical profiles of environmental parameters measured from physical, optical and imaging sensors during station TARA_009 of the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) sampled the world oceans on board a 36 m long schooner, collecting environmental data and organisms from viruses to planktonic metazoans for later analyses using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present data set includes properties of seawater, particulate matter and dissolved matter from physical, optical and imaging sensors mounted on a vertical sampling system (Rosette) used during the 2009-2013 tara Oceans Expedition. It comprised 2 pairs of conductivity and temperature sensors (SEABIRD components), and a complete set of WEtLabs optical sensors, including chrorophyll and CDOM fluorometers, a 25 cm transmissiometer, and a one-wavelength backscatter meter. In addition, a SATLANTIC ISUS nitrate sensor and a Hydroptic Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP) were mounted on the rosette. In the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Seas (2013), a second oxygen sensor (SBE43) and a four frequency Aquascat acoustic profiler were added. The system was powered on specific Li-Ion batteries and data were self-recorded at 24HZ. Sensors have all been factory calibrated before, during and after the four year program. Oxygen was validated using climatologies (WOA09). Nitrate and Fluorescence data were adjusted with discrete measurements from Niskin bottles mounted on the Rosette, and optical darks were performed monthly on board. A total of 839 quality checked vertical profiles were made during the tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013.塔拉海洋考察（Tara Oceans Expedition，2009-2013年）依托一艘36米长的纵帆船对全球海洋开展采样工作，收集了从病毒到浮游后生生物（planktonic metazoans）的各类环境数据与生物样本，以供后续借助现代测序技术与前沿成像技术开展分析研究。塔拉海洋数据集尤其适用于探究浮游生物的遗传、形态与功能多样性。本数据集涵盖2009-2013年塔拉海洋考察期间，通过罗塞塔（Rosette）垂直采样系统搭载的物理、光学及成像传感器所获取的海水、颗粒物与溶解物相关属性数据。该系统配备2对电导率-温度传感器（海鸟SEABIRD组件），以及一套完整的WET Labs光学传感器套件，包括叶绿素与有色溶解有机物（CDOM）荧光计、25厘米透射仪与单波长后散射仪。此外，罗塞塔采样系统上还搭载了SATLANTIC ISUS硝酸盐传感器与Hydroptic水下视觉剖面仪（Underwater Vision Profiler, UVP）。2013年在北冰洋与北极海域的考察任务中，该系统新增了第二台氧气传感器（SBE43）与四频Aquascat声学剖面仪。该系统由专用锂离子电池（Li-Ion batteries）供电，数据以24赫兹的频率自主记录。所有传感器均在该四年考察项目的前期、中期与后期完成了工厂校准。氧气数据通过气候学数据集（WOA09）完成了有效性验证。硝酸盐与荧光数据通过搭载于罗塞塔采样系统的尼斯金采水瓶（Niskin bottles）获取的离散测量值进行校正，且每月在科考船上开展光学暗场校准工作。2009-2013年的塔拉海洋考察期间，共计完成839份经过质量核查的垂直剖面数据集。