Appendix E. Construction and analysis of phase planes, including zero net growth isoclines and vector fields, to describe competitive population dynamics of Watersipora and Bugula.

Construction and analysis of phase planes, including zero net growth isoclines and vector fields, to describe competitive population dynamics of Watersipora and Bugula.构建并分析相平面（phase plane），涵盖零净增长等斜线（zero net growth isoclines）与向量场（vector field），用以描述膜孔苔虫属（Watersipora）与双胞苔虫属（Bugula）的种群竞争动态。