UK Biodiversity Indicator B1a, Area of land in agri-environment schemes

This spreadsheet is the underlying data for the biodiversity indicator B1a, Area of land in agri-environment schemes. Agriculture is a major land use in the UK, and rapid changes to agricultural practice in the past have been linked to declines in wildlife, such as farmland birds. Since 1987 a number of voluntary agri-environment schemes have been introduced that provide payments to farmers to protect and enhance biodiversity, landscapes and historic features, and to promote public access. There are two main types of agri-environment scheme in the UK: - Entry-level type, whole-farm schemes that have a simple set of prescriptions providing basic environmental protection and enhancement, where the whole farm area contributes to the indicator; and - Higher-level or targeted schemes that protect or restore land, focusing on parts of the farm or land-holding that are of high environmental/biodiversity value or potential. This is one of a suite of 24 UK biodiversity indicators published by JNCC on behalf of Defra; the latest publication date was 19 January 2016 - for indicator B1a the latest data are for 2014.本电子表格为生物多样性指标B1a——农业环境计划用地面积的基础数据源。 农业是英国主要的土地利用方式，过往农业生产方式的快速变革曾被证实与农田鸟类等野生动物的种群数量下降存在关联。自1987年起，英国陆续推出多项自愿性农业环境计划（agri-environment schemes），向农户发放补贴，以保护、改善生物多样性、景观与历史遗迹，并促进公众到访。 英国的农业环境计划主要分为两类： - 入门级全农场方案：设置一套简化的规定要求，可提供基础的环境保护与改善服务，农场全域面积均纳入该指标的统计范畴； - 高级或定向方案：旨在保护或修复土地，聚焦于农场或土地持有单元中具备较高环境或生物多样性价值与开发潜力的区域。 本数据集是JNCC代表Defra发布的24项英国生物多样性指标套件中的一项；最新发布日期为2016年1月19日，其中指标B1a的最新数据年份为2014年。