Individual Waste Water Treatment (IBA)

An Individual Waste Water Treatment (IBA) is a system that purifies the domestic waste water from one household. There are different types of IBA systems, but all have the common characteristic that they purify household waste water small-scale. Domestic waste water contains organic matter, suspended substances and nutrients such as ammonium and phosphate. An IBA is designed to extract as much organic material as possible from the waste water that would otherwise remove dissolved oxygen from the waste water when decomposed. An IBA also removes floating substances, but does not guarantee the removal of ammonium. The removal of ammonium and other forms of nitrogen depends on the temperature, so the purification efficiency of an IBA varies per season. Among other things, an IBA uses dissolved oxygen to purify the waste water. Unlike the more advanced IBA, which is designed to treat all domestic waste water, a septic well is designed to treat only sanitary waste water. A septic well mainly removes floating substances and makes these solids more fluid. Although a septic well also purifies the water of one family or building, the purification is less extensive and there are no purification processes that use oxygen dissolved in the water. Therefore, a septic well is not always counted as the IBAs. A helophyte filter or swamp filter is a filter that uses a certain type of plant to purifies waste water to a quality that is harmless to the environment. Helophyte filters are designed to filter, for example, ponds or run-off water from roads. The purification of domestic waste water is also possible.户用污水处理装置（Individual Waste Water Treatment, IBA）是针对单户家庭生活污水进行净化处理的系统。IBA系统存在多种类型，但所有这类装置均具备共同特征：以小规模方式处理生活污水。生活污水中含有有机物、悬浮物质以及铵、磷酸盐等营养物质。户用污水处理装置的设计目标是尽可能从污水中去除有机物——这类有机物若未经处理，在自然分解过程中会消耗污水中的溶解氧。IBA同时可去除漂浮性物质，但无法确保对铵的去除效果。铵及其他形态氮的去除效果受温度条件制约，因此IBA的净化效率随季节变化。此外，IBA借助溶解氧实现污水净化。与可处理全部生活污水的进阶型IBA不同，化粪池（septic well）仅针对生活卫生污水进行处理。化粪池主要去除漂浮性物质，并使固体物更易液化。尽管化粪池同样可为单个家庭或建筑提供水处理净化服务，但其净化范围更为有限，且未采用基于水中溶解氧的净化工艺，因此化粪池通常不被归入户用污水处理装置范畴。挺水植物过滤器（helophyte filter）或称沼泽过滤器（swamp filter），是一类依托特定植物将污水净化至环境无害水质标准的过滤装置。挺水植物过滤器可用于处理池塘水、道路径流等水体，同样也可应用于生活污水的净化处理。