Data from: Effects of exposure to pile driving sounds on the lake sturgeon, Nile tilapia, and hogchoker

Pile driving and other impulsive sound sources have the potential to injure or kill fishes. One mechanism that produces injuries is the rapid motion of the walls of the swim bladder as it repeatedly contacts nearby tissues. To further understand the involvement of the swim bladder in tissue damage a specially-designed wave tube was used to expose three species to pile driving sounds. Species included lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvecens) with an open (physoclistous) swim bladder, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with a closed (physostomous) swim bladder, and the hogchoker (Trinectes maculates) a flatfish without a swim bladder. There were no visible injuries in any of the exposed hogchokers, while a variety of injuries were observed in the lake sturgeon and Nile tilapia. At the loudest cumulative and single strike sound exposure levels, the Nile tilapia had the highest total injuries and the most severe injuries per fish. As exposure levels decreased, the number and severity of injuries were more similar between the two species. These results suggest that the presence and type of swim bladder correlated with injury at higher sound levels, while the extent of injury at lower sound exposure levels was similar for both kinds of swim bladders.打桩作业及其他脉冲声源存在造成鱼类受伤或死亡的风险。引发鱼类损伤的核心机制之一，是鱼鳔(swim bladder)壁反复与周边组织接触时产生的快速运动。为进一步明确鱼鳔在组织损伤中的作用，研究人员采用特制波导管(wave tube)，将三种实验鱼类暴露于打桩声源环境中。实验所用鱼种包括：具有开放型（闭鳔类，physoclistous）鱼鳔的湖鲟（*Acipenser fulvecens*）、具有封闭型（喉鳔类，physostomous）鱼鳔的尼罗罗非鱼（*Oreochromis niloticus*），以及无鱼鳔的扁形鱼类褐三线舌鳎（*Trinectes maculates*）。所有暴露组的褐三线舌鳎均未出现可见损伤，而湖鲟与尼罗罗非鱼则观察到多种类型的损伤。在最高累积声暴露与单次击声暴露水平下，尼罗罗非鱼的总损伤程度与单尾个体的损伤严重程度均为最高。随着声暴露水平降低，两种鱼类的损伤数量与严重程度愈发接近。上述结果表明，在高声暴露水平下，鱼鳔的存在与否及其类型与损伤程度相关；而在低声暴露水平下，两种鱼鳔对应的损伤程度并无显著差异。