Correction of the Electromagnetic Wave Speed Formula

Standard physics treats the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum as a universal constant c, defined as c = 1/√(ε₀μ₀). Within the framework of World Quantum Theory (WQT), this paper starts from the ontological definitions of voltage and current in the companion papers [3][4], combined with the permittivity and permeability derived in [5], and obtains: 1 / √(ε_x · μ_x) = d where d is the radial velocity component of the particle's macro-rotation. This result is not a constant — it depends on the particle's motion state. For the terrestrial electron where d ≈ c, this naturally gives 1/√(ε₀μ₀) ≈ c. Standard physics obtains 1/√(ε₀μ₀) = c not as a universal law, but as a consequence of the electron's radial velocity in the terrestrial environment. This value is not locked in by calibration — it reflects the electron's actual kinematic state. Standard physics treats this motion-state-dependent reading as a universal constant. We do not claim that 1/√(ε_xμ_x) is the speed of electromagnetic waves. We only show that it is not a universal constant, and that the standard formula is a natural approximation that holds because d ≈ c in the terrestrial environment.