Primary and secondary outcomes for vancomycin administration based on the initial timing (h) of the audit and monitoring intervention by the ICT pharmacists, categorised exploratively into four groups.

The main explanatory variables were the initial timing of the audit and monitoring intervention by the ICT pharmacists (h) categorised as follows: <24 h, 24 to 72 h, 72 to 120 h, ≥120 h. aThe odds ratios derived from the multivariable logistic regression or the estimates from the multiple linear regression were adjusted for age, sex, weight, eCCr, creatinine, AST, ALT, albumin, comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia), immunosuppressant use, ICU admission, vancomycin loading dose, concomitant drug use (aminoglycoside, NSAIDs, piperacillin-tazobactam), and interventions of clinical pharmacists in charge of the wards. bThe odds ratios derived from the multivariable logistic regression were adjusted for age, sex, eCCr, albumin, comorbidities (cardiovascular diseases), ICU admission, the loading dose of vancomycin, and interventions of clinical pharmacists in charge of the wards. cThe odds ratios derived from the multivariable logistic regression were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities (diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, COPD, hepatic disease, renal failure, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia), immunosuppressant use, ICU admission, and interventions of clinical pharmacists in charge of the wards. ICT, infection control team; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error; VCM, vancomycin; eCCr, estimate creatinine clearance; AST, aspartate aminotransferase, ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ICU, intensive care unit; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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