Comparative analysis of five complete chloroplast genomes of Tulipa L. (Liliaceae)

This study presents the five complete chloroplast genomes of four Tulipa species (T. butkovii, T. heterophylla, T. korolkowii, T. zonneveldii) from Central Asia to enhance our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics within the genus. Comparative analyses with existing Tulipa plastid genomes highlighted a strong conservation across the species, yet subtle variations in genome size and gene content were observed, emphasizing the impact of evolutionary divergence. Phylogenetic analyses established a clear monophyletic grouping for the Tulipa genus and provided insights into the phylogenetic relationships both within Tulipa and with other Liliaceae genera. The study underscores the utility of chloroplast genomes in resolving taxonomic uncertainties and aiding conservation efforts, particularly for vulnerable and endemic species.